Wednesday, February 13, 2019

Hebrew Words To Know

http://www.ifcj.org/fellowship-friend/limmud/the-exodus-story.html



Hebrew Words To Know

  • L’saper sipur

    To tell a story | לספר סיפור
  •  
  • Yetziat mitzrayim

    Exodus from Egypt | יציאת מצרים
  •  
  • Eser makot

    Ten Plagues | עשר מכות
  •  
  • Kriyat yam suf

    Splitting of the Red Sea | קריעת ים סוף
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  • Nissim v’niflaot

    Miracles and Wonders | ניסים ונפלאות
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  • Chag Sameach

    Happy holidays | חַג שָֹמֵחַ

Remembering Dr. King

http://www.ifcj.org/news/yaels-corner/remembering-dr-king.html



Remembering Dr. King


Rev. Martin Luther King, head-and-shoulders portrait, seated, facing front, hands extended upward, during a press conference (Photo: Wikipedia by World Telegram & Sun photo by Dick DeMarsico, Public Domain)

January 22, 2019
About 4,000 years ago, a man began a thought revolution that fundamentally altered the fabric of humanity forever.
That man was the biblical patriarch Abraham. He introduced the (then) radical concept that there is only one God. In a world filled with pagan idol worship, this idea was quite unpopular. But thousands of years later, not many people think that worshipping wood or stone is meaningful, and most of the world’s population believes in one God. Monotheism is a given in our times.
So many ideas that we take for granted today were once shunned and rejected by society. We forget how brave the men and women were who stood their ground on what they knew was moral and true. It’s easy to forget that people used to believe that the world is flat, that women should not vote, and that slavery is perfectly acceptable. We owe a debt of gratitude to the people who challenged the status quo and succeeded in changing it.
Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., who we remember this week, was one such person. Looking back, it’s hard to believe that segregation was ever accepted in America. America – the country founded on the idea that all people have a right to “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” America, whose founding fathers believed that all people were created in the image of God. But it was accepted – and widely practiced. It took incredible faith to believe that things could be different and extraordinary courage to work for that change.
The blessing of my generation is that we were born into a world where so many battles were already fought and won for us. We enjoy the fruits of the labor of those who came before us. I came into a world where the state of Israel was already a reality, segregation was completely unacceptable, and women had more rights than ever in history. With the help of God, men and women of the past painstakingly changed our world for the better.
But the blessings of my generation also come with immense responsibility. Humanity has come so far, but we still have further to go. Racism, anti-Semitism, and discrimination still lurk and strike the innocent. Women are horribly mistreated in many parts of the world. Poverty, war, and strife are still the reality for too many of God’s children. As the beneficiaries of the work put in by previous generations, it our duty to continue this work for the sake of future generations. Martin Luther King Jr. Day is not just about remembering a great man, it’s about continuing his legacy by spreading the biblical values of kindness, justice, and equality.

Asal Usul Sejarah Injil (Kitab Suci Agama Kristen)

http://asal-usul-motivasi.blogspot.com/2011/02/asal-usul-sejarah-injil-kitab-suci.html



Asal Usul Sejarah Injil (Kitab Suci Agama Kristen)


Kitab ini diturunkan pada Nabi Isa a.s dalam bahasa Yahudi Kuno (Ibrani).

Kitab pertama yang asli telah dimusnahkan oleh Paulus dari pihak Gereja Pauline pada 325 M. Semua naskah Injil yang bertentangan dengan Injil resmi kerajaan Romawi saat itu dibakar. Siapa saja yang memiliki salinan naskah asli dihukum mati. Kitab Injil tertua saat ini ada dalam bahasa Yunani Kuno, bukan Yahudi kuno (Ibrani).

Terdiri dari :
Kitab Perjanjian Lama (Old Testament) yang berisi Taurat dan Zabur
Kitab Perjanjian Baru (New Testament) yang berisi Injil Markus, Matius, Lukas dan Yahya, perkataan Nabi Isa dan surat pendakwah (Paulus)

Siapakah Yang Menulis Injil.Di dalam kitab Injil terdapat 2 bagian yaitu Kitab Perjanjian Lama dan Kitab Perjanjian Baru. Namun begitu Umat Kristian melarang penganutan terhadap Kitab Perjanjian Lama. Sebelum diadakan usaha-usaha membentuk kitab Perjanjian Baru, kitab Injil terdiri daripada 75 bab / surah. Surah ini dikarang oleh perseorangan atau kumpulan pendeta. Inilah yang menyebabkan kitab tersebut mengandung banyak pertentangan dan perbedaan yang serius dan nyata. Pengumpul-pengumpul kitab tersebut juga tidak hidup semasa zaman Nabi Isa atau tatkala Nabi Isa masih hidup. Kebanyakan mereka lahir selepas 20-40 tahun setelah peristiwa penyaliban.Kitab Perjanjian Baru ini baru ada semasa persidangan Nicea pada tahun 325 M di mana semua ketua gereja berkumpul untuk menentukan kembali isi kitab Injil. Sejumlah 27 risalah saja dari sekian banyak risalah ditentukan sebagai yang betul, setelah itu 27 risalah ini dijilidkan menjadi kitab Perjanjian Baru.

Kitab perjanjian ini terdiri dari sejarah dan pelajaran. Bagian sejarah terkandung dalam Injil Matius, Markus, Lukas dan Yahya. Sementara bagian pelajaran terdiri dari 21 risalah yaitu : 14 risalah Paulus, 3 risalah Yahya, 2 risalah Petrus, 1 Yakub dan Yahuda.

Injil Matius

Nama Injil Matius diambil dari nama pendeta Matius dari gereja Alexandria Mesir dalam bahasa Hebrew. Beliau dipercayai sebagai orang pertama yang menghasilkan risalah kandungan sejarah. Hasil karangan Matius ini dikarang 20 – 27 tahun setelah Nabi Isa tiada. Bahkan kitab asli karangan Matius sendiri telah hilang, ini diakui sendiri oleh umat Kristian. Setelah itu injil dalam Bahasa Yunani dijumpai, dan dikatakan sebagai Injil karangan Matius. Banyak tokoh Kristian menolak pendapat bahwa Injil ini merupakan karangan Matius, tetapi sebaliknya merupakan karangan gurunya, Petrus.

Injil Lukas

Injil Lukas diambil dari nama pendeta Lukas dari tahun 25 – 30 M. Beliau juga tidak pernah bertemu Nabi Isa. Banyak tokoh Kristian sendiri mengakui bahwa Injil karangan Lukas merupakan fakta palsu yang bukan merupakan ajaran Nabi Isa. Sebenarnya beliau mengarang injil ini disebabkan tekanan gereja waktu itu. Begitu juga dengan Markus dan Yahya. Kesemuanya tidak pernah hidup sezaman dengan Nabi Isa.

Injil Yahya

Kitab Injil Yahya diambil dari nama pendeta Yahya atau lebih dikenal sebagai Yohanes. Beliau merupakan putera saudara perempuan Maryam yaitu ibu Nabi Isa. Yahya mengarang injilnya dalam bahasa Yunani antara tahun 45 – 65 M. Banyak pendeta meragukan kandungan Injil Yohanes ini. Bahkan Encyclopedia Britanica menegaskan bahwa Injil yahya tidak syak lagi di karang oleh seorang mahasiswa Institusi Iskandariah dan bukannya karangan Yahya.

Persoalan mengapa di dalamnya berisi Taurat juga tidak dapat di jawab dengan pasti dan tepat. Ini mungkin juga merupakan bukti bahwa orang Yahudi selalu ingin memalsukan fakta Injil asli, karena bagi mereka, Yahudi, mereka senang bila dapat menyesatkan kaum Kristian dari ajaran asli Nabi Isa, dan mereka berhasil.

Persidangan Nicea

Menurut perkiraan para ahli sejarah, kitab Injil yang masih asli belum diikuti campur tangan para pendeta, masih ada hingga 325 M. Setelah tahun 325 M, kitab ini mulai dinodai oleh Raja Konstantin Roma pada Persidangan Nicea. Karena semasa persidangan ini terdapat perdebatan dan pertentangan pendapat mengenai ketuhanan dan kenabian Isa, perdebatan dalam ajaran pokok, akidahnya. Satu pendapat (Golongan Arius) mengatakan bahwa Nabi Isa hanyalah seorang manusia dan Nabi yang membawa ajaran agama dari Tuhan. Satu pihak lagi mengatakan bahwa Nabi Isa ialah “anak Tuhan”.

Pendapat tentang Isa “anak tuhan” ini didukung oleh pihak gereja dari Alexandria yang diketuai oleh penolong Bishop Iskandariah bernama Athanasius.

Raja Konstantin mempunyai niat tersirat untuk campur tangan dalam hal agama, demi menjaga hak politiknya agar tidak jatuh ke tangan orang lain. Semasa persidangan tersebut, sebanyak 2048 orang Uskup telah hadir untuk membincangkan perselisihan pendapat mengenai Nabi Isa.

Sebanyak 1730 orang telah setuju bahwa Nabi Isa adalah seorang manusia biasa yang diutus Allah, 318 orang mengatakan bahwa Isa ialah Anak Tuhan. Walau bagaimanapun majoritas pendapat ini ditolak mentah-mentah Raja Konstantin dan mengambil pendapat minoritas, yaitu Nabi Isa adalah seorang anak Tuhan.

Arius ketua pendukung bahwa Nabi Isa bukan anak Tuhan.

Arius (250-336 M) adalah salah seorang murid utama Lucian berbangsa Libya yang juga bersama-sama dengan gurunya menegakkan ajaran Tauhid kepada Allah, Arius merupakan seorang presbyter (ketua majelis agama /gereja) digereja Baucalis Alexandria, salah satu gereja tertua dan terpenting di kota itu pada tahun 318 M.

Sejak mangkatnya Lucian pada tahun 312 M ditangan orang-orang gereja Paulus, perlawanan Arius terhadap doktrin Trinity semakin memuncak, dan dalam perjuangannya ini, Arius mendapatkan dukungan dua orang saudara Kaisar Constantin yang bernama Constantina dan Licunes.

Arius dianggap sebagai seorang pemberontak Trinity dengan mendasarkan

teori:
“Jika Jesus itu benar-benar anak Tuhan atau Tuhan itu sendiri, maka Bapa harus ada lebih dahulu. Oleh karena itu harus ada “masa” sebelum adanya anak. Artinya anak adalah makhluk. Maka anak itu pun tidak selamanya ada atau tidak abadi. Sedangkan Tuhan yang sebenarnya haruslah abadi, berarti Jesus tidaklah sama dengan Tuhan.“

Atas pandangan Arius tersebut, sebanyak 100 orang pendeta Mesir dan Libya berkumpul untuk mendengar pandangan Arius. Pada waktu inilah juga Arius mengemukakan kembali pendangannya :
“Ada masa sebelum adanya Jesus, sedangkan Tuhan sudah ada sebelumnya. Jesus ada kemudian, dan Jesus hanyalah makhluk biasa yang bisa binasa seperti makhluk-makhluk lainnya. Tetapi Tuhan tidak mungkin binasa.”

Arius memperkuat pendapatnya dengan sejumlah ayat-ayat Bible seperti Yohanes 14:8, “Bapa lebih besar daripada Jesus”; Seandainya kita mengakui bahwa Jesus adalah sama dengan Tuhan, maka kita harus menolak kebenaran ayat Yohanes tersebut.

Pendapat Arius ini secara sederhana dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut : „Jika Jesus memang “anak Tuhan”, maka akan segera disertai pengertian bahwa “Bapak Tuhan” haruslah ada terlebih dahulu sebelum adanya sang “Anak”.

Oleh sebab itu tentulah akan terdapat jurang waktu ketika “Anak” belum ada. Oleh karena, “Anak” adalah makhluk yang tersusun dari sebuah “esensi” atau makhluk yang tidak selalu ada. Dan Tuhan merupakan suatu zat yang bersifat mutlak, kekal, tidak terlihat dan berkuasa, maka Jesus tidak mungkin bisa menjadi sifat yang sama sebagaimana sifat Tuhan.

Argumen Arius ini tidak dapat dilawan lagi, maka mulai tahun 321 M Arius dikenal sebagai seorang presbyter pembangkang. Ia mendapat banyak dukungan dari Uskup-uskup daerah Timur. Hal ini membuat Alexandria (yang pernah menghukum mati Origen tahun 250 M) menjadi semakin marah.

Arius pula orangnya yang sangat menentang keras keputusan Nicea pada tahun 325 M, sehingga senantiasa mendapatkan tantangan dari orang-orang gereja Paulus. Pada tahun 336 Arius dibunuh di Constantinopel dalam satu muslihat yang licik.

Setelah pembunuhan ini segala usaha menentang trinitas dilawan habis-habisan. Naskah Injil diseragamkan. Naskah yang tidak sama dengan pihak Gereja Pauline dimusnahkan, dihapuskan di bumi Kerajaan Romawi. Inilah sejarah awal tersesatnya ajaran Kristian.

Mengenai Bible (2)

Dalam persidangan Nicea, beberapa Doktrin diperkenalkan, diantaranya Doktrin Trinitas dan Doktrin Penebusan Dosa. Konsep Trinitas sebenarnya telah direka oleh Athanasius, seorang pegawai Gereja Mesir dari Iskandariah, diterima oleh Majelis Nicaea pada 325 M.

Konsep Trinity [KeEsaan Tiga] ini serupa filsafat Plato, kepercayaan Yunani, ‘Neo – Platonisme” yang mempercayai “Tiga Kekuatan”. Kemungkinan doktrin trinitas tertulari kepercayaan Yunani kuno ini. Trinity yang di pelopori oleh Paulus merupakan ajaran agama Yunani- Romawi, yaitu kerajaan yang berkuasa di Rom pada masa itu. Jadi paham trinitas dari Katolik Roma atau pun aliran kristen yang lain jelas merupakan hasil proses masuknya ajaran lain dalam ajaran Isa, dan bukannya ajaran asli Nabi Isa sendiri !.

Begitu juga dengan Dokrin Penghapusan Dosa yang dipelopori Gereja Alexandria di mana mereka mengatakan bahwa Nabi Isa telah disalib demi tujuan menyelamatkan seluruh umat manusia. Ajaran ini juga jelas hasil proses masuknya ajaran agama romawi Kuno. Hari Minggu yang dianggap hari Suci bagi agama Kristian merupakan hasil pengaruh daripada Kepercayaan ini dan tanggal 25 Desember yang diperingati sebagai Natal, Sebenarnya merupakan tanggal kelahiran tuhan Matahari mereka yaitu “Mithra” dan jelas bukan tanggal lahir Nabi Isa.

Mulai tahun 1582 di Rheims, Bible diterjemahkan dari bahasa Latin berdasarkan Bible Versi Tyndale. (Yang digunakan Gereja Katolik Rom) juga dikenali sebagai Roman Katolik Version. Ini merupakan versi bible yang tertua yang dikenal.

Sejak itu sebanyak 4 kali terjemahan telah dibuat. Pada tahun 1611 King James I telah memerintahkan supaya dilakukan penulisan ulang karena terdapatnya pertentangan yang meragukan. Versi penulisan ulang ini kini dinamakan King James Version (KJV) yaitu dengan tidak memasukkan 7 buku kecil (bab). Versi ini selanjutnya dirilis ulang pada tahun 1881 dan diperbaharui pada tahun 1952 dan 1971. kedua Versi terakhir ini dinamakan Revised Standard Version (RSV).

Collin yaitu percetakan yang mengeluarkan Revised Standard Version ( RSV ) melaporkan bahwa :
“Meskipun begitu, Versi Raja James memiliki cacatan-cacat yang serius, dan cacat ini ada terlalu banyak dan terlalu serius sehingga satu penulisan ulang masih benar-benar diperlukan.”

Pada masa kini terdapat lebih kurang 1.500 naskah Bible pelbagai bahasa, telah diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa ibu suatu negara dan ethniknya. Bagaimana pula jauhnya penyimpangan mengingat keterbatasan kosakata setiap bahasa? Dan manakah yang bisa dijadikan standar pengajaran?

Umat Kristian sendiri ada yang secara jujur dan arif mengakui bahwa Injil telah dinodai oleh tangan mereka sendiri. Bagaimanakah umat Kristian di Indonesia, apakah berani sejujur ini ? :

1. The Bible Society Of Singapore, Malaysia & Brunei 1987 Perjanjian Baharu Berita Baik Untuk Manusia Moden Pendahuluan
“…….Walaupun kandungan kitab-kitab ini berlainan, tetapi diseluruh kitab ini pokok fikirannya satu. Kesatuannya ialah bahwa kasih Allah telah dinyatakan kepada manusia dengan perantaraan Yesus Kristus.

“Tiap-tiap kitab didahului oleh pendahuluan, yang menerangkan pokokfikiran dan garis besar kitab itu. Ayat yang ditandai dengan [ ]bererti ayat tersebut tidak terdapat pada naskah perjanjian Baharu yang tertua dan terbaik.

Contoh ayat yang memiliki tanda [ ] dalam Perjanjian Baru :

1. Matius 6 : 13
… [ Engkaulah raja engkaulah,dan engkaulah yang mempunyai kuasa dan kemuliaan selama-lamanya ]

2. Matius 23 : 14
[ alangkah dasyatnya bagi kamu guru-guru Taurat dan orang Farisi : kamu munafik! , kamu memperdayakan janda-janda dan merampas rumah-rumah mereka, lalu berpura-pura berdoa panjang-panjang, sebab itu, hukuman kamu akan menjadi lebih berat.! ]

3. Markus 7 : 15
[ Sebab itu, jika kamu bertelinga, dengarkanlah! ]

4. Markus 10 : 44 & 46
[ Di sana ulatnya tidak mati-mati dan apinya tidak padam-padam ] 44 [ Di sana ulatnya tidak mati-mati dan apinya tidak padam-padam ] 46

5. Lukas 17 : 36
[ Dua orang laki-laki yang sedang berada di ladang : seorang akan , seorang lagi ditinggalkan ]

6. Lukas 22 : 19 – 20
” inilah tubuhku [ yang diberikan untuk kamu. Buatlah sedemikian untuk memperingati aku." ………. "cawan ini ialah perjanjian Allah yang Baharu, yang dimenteraikan dengan darahku, darah yang ditumpahkan untuk kamu ]

7. Lukas 22 : 43 – 44
[ Seorang malaikat tampak kepadanya dan menguatkannya karena penderitaan nya lebih tekun lagi dia berdoa, sehingga peluhnya menitik ke tanah seperti darah. ]

8. Lukas 23 : 17
[ Pada tiap perayaan paskah, Pilatus melepaskan seorang tahanan bagi rakyat ]

Bukti di atas merupakan sebagian saja yang telah ditambah dan berapakah jumlah ayat yang telah ditambah / dikurangkan sebenarnya? Tidak diketahui jumlahnya !. Sejarah telah jujur dan nyata membuktikan bahwa Injil telah mengalami banyak perubahan selama berabad-abad. The Revised Standard Version 1952 & 1971, The New American Standart Bible dan The New World Transalation Of The Holly scriptures telah menghapuskan beberapa ayat dalam The King James Version. Reader’s Digest telah mengurangi isi kandungan Kitab Perjanjian Lama sebanyak 50 % dan Kitab Perjanjian Baru sebanyak 25 %.

Persoalan yang timbul di sini ialah :
- Dari mana datangnya ayat di atas ?
- Siapa yang mengarang ayat tersebut ?
- Sebenarnya ayat mana saja yang masih perlu diuji kesahihannya?

“Di antara mereka itu ada satu golongan yang memutar belitkan lidahnya dengan (membaca) Kitab supaya kamu kira bahwa kitab itu dari Allah padahal ianya bukanlah dari sisi Allah dan sedang mereka berdusta terhadap Allah sedang mereka mengetahui….” (Surah 3:78)

Contoh peristiwa besar yang bertentangan dengan akal atau ayat yang saling bertentangan :

1. Nabi Daud berzina dengan istri orang lain
II Samuel 11 : 4-5
“Dan Nabi Daud mengantar para utusan, dan mengambilnya (isteri Uriah); lalu ia datangi dan tidur bersama maka setelah perempuan itu membersihkan dirinya, lalu kembali ke rumahnya. Dan wanita itu telah hamil, lalu mengirim dan memberitahu Daud dan katanya saya bersama bayi”.

Mungkinkah ini ayat dari Allah? Atau ditulis oleh rasul suci ? pikirkanlah !

2. Nabi Nuh Mabuk dan Bugil
Kejadian 9 : 23 – 24
” Dan Shem dan Japhet mengambil sehelai pakaian, dan meletakan di atas bahu mereka, dan berjalan undur ke belakang dan menutup tubuh bapanya yang telanjang dan muka mereka membelakangi bapa mereka agar tidak melihat tubuh bapa mereka yang bugil itu. Dan Nuh tersadar dari araknya, dia tahu apa yang telah dilakukan oleh kedua anaknya”.

Apakah Allah mengutus Nabi Nuh yang digambarkan berperilaku seperti itu ? pikirkanlah ! Mungkinkah ini penyelewengan yang dilakukan Yahudi untuk menyesatkan kaum kristian?

3. Kematian Yudas Pengkhianat, bandingkan !
Matius 27 : 3 – 5
“… Bila Yudas melihat Yesus telah dijatuhkan hukuman mati, dia menyesal lalu dia mengembalikan 30 uang perak upahnya kepada imam Yahudi; dan berkata : Aku telah berdosa mengkhianati orang yang tidak berdosa sehingga dihukum mati. Yudas melempar uang itu ke dalam bilik sembahyang , lalu dia menggantungkan diri.

Kisah Para Rasul 1 : 18 – 19
Apa yang terjadi yaitu dengan uang yang diterima Yudas dari perbuatannya yang jahat itu, dia membeli sebidang tanah. Di situ dia tersungkur mati. Badannya terbelah dan perutnya terburai. Semua orang yang tinggal di Yerusalem mendengar kejadian ini.”

4. Misteri Malkisedik
Ibrani 7 : 1 – 3 :
“Adapun Malkisedik itu, yaitu raja di Salem dan Imam Allah Taala, yang sudah berjumpa dengan Ibrahim tatkala Ibrahim kembali daripada menewaskan raja-raja lalu diberkatinya Ibrahim.”

“Kepadanya juga Ibrahim sudah memberi bagian sepuluh esa. Makna Malkisedik itu kalau diterjemahkan, pertama-tama artinya raja keadilan, kemudian pula raja di Salem, yaitu raja damai.” Yang tiada berbapak dan tiada beribu, dan tiada bersilsilah dan tiada berawal atau berkesudahan hidupnya, melainkan ia disamakan dengan Anak Allah, maka kekallah ia imam selama-lamanya.”

Jelas sekarang, bahwa Malkisedik seorang raja di Salem tanpa bapa dan ibu, malah tiada silsilahnya. Apakah cerita yang disebutkan dalam Kitab Injil ini benar ayat dari Allah atau cuma dongeng purba atau dongeng sebelum bobo buat adik bayi kita supaya tertidur ?

Kalau umat Kristian memuja kehebatan Yesus, memujanya anak tuhan, bahkan Tuhan itu sendiri, yang tidak berawal serta berakhir, maka kenapa Malkisedik yang sakti mandraguna ini tidak diangkat sebagai salah satu cabang Tuhan juga ? mungkin bisa menjadi tokoh ke-4 memainkan peranan Tuhan.

Yesus ternyata tewas dibanding Malkisedik, Yesus masih dilahirkan oleh Mariam atas kekuasaan Tuhan Bapa, sementara Malkisedik tidak memiliki Bapa dan tidak memiliki ibu sama sekali, silsilahnya pun tidak ada.

Jika memang Malkisedik ini kekal. Dimana beliau sekarang berada dan apa yang tengah ia lakukan? Jadi masih mungkinkah kitab ini dipercaya, atau yang mempercayainya masih serupa mereka yang mempercayai keris, tanpa ilmu pengetahuan, hanya kebutaan ?

Mengenai Bible (3)

Kitab Suci / Holy Bible dalam agama kristen itu terbagi dalam dua bagian, yaitu : Old Testament (Perjanjian Lama) dan New Testament(Perjanjian Baru). Literatur kristen dalam bahasa Indonesia memanggil salinan kitab suci itu dengan “Alkitab”.

Biblia, yang merupakan Kitab Suci dalam agama Yahudi, dipanggil oleh pihak kristen dengan Perjanjian Lama dan merupakan bagian dari kitab suci agama kristen. Biblia itu terbagi atas tiga bagian : Torah dan Nebiim dan Kethubiim.

Kitab suci agama Yahudi itu disebut juga „Perjanjian“. Inti isinya termaktub dalam Sepuluh Perintah (Ten Commadments) seperti termuat dalam Keluaran (20: 1-12) dan dalam Ulangan (5:1-21), yang merupakan perjanjian Yahuwa dengan bani Israil.

Sepuluh Perintah itu termuat dalam dua buah Luh, yang dibawa turun oleh Nabi Musa dari puncak sebuah bukit batu di semenanjung Sinai, yang pada puncak yang terpandang suci itu Nabi Musa menerimakan perjanjian dari Allah Maha Kuasa (Yahuwa)

Di dalam hubungan perjanjian Yahuwa dengan bani Israil itu, Kitab Suci Al-Qur’an dari agama Islam menyebut „Perjanjian“ tersebut dalam berbagai Surah dengan al-Mitsaq , (Baqarah, 27; Ra’ad, 27; Nisak, 153; Maidah, 15; Baqarah, 63, 84,93; dan berbagai Surah lainnya), yang bermakna: Perjanjian.

Karena pihak kristen berpendirian bahwa ketetapan yang diberikan Allah Maha Kuasa kepada Jesus (Isa Al-Masih) itu pun merupakan perjanjian, maka lahir dua istilah dalam dunia kristen, yaitu : Perjanjian Lama dan Perjanjian Baru.

Perjanjian Baru / New Testament

Perjanjian Baru merupakan kitab suci yang paling azasi dalam agama kristen sekalipun dunia kristen itu mengakui kitab suci agama Yahudi merupakan bagian dari kitab sucinya juga.

Perjanjian Baru itu terbagi atas empat bagian :

1. Gospels (himpunan Injil) terdiri atas empat Injil :
a. Injil Matius, karya Matius.
b. Injil Markus, karya Markus.
c. Injil Lukas, karya Lukas.
d. Injil Yahya, karya Yahya.

2. Acts of Apostles (Kisah Rasul-Rasul) terdiri atas sebuah kitab saja, yang merupakan karya Lukas.

3. Epistles (himpunan Surat) terdiri dari 14 buah Surat Paulus (Rum, Korintus Pertama, Korintus Kedua, Galatia, Epesus, Pilipi, Kolose, Tesalonika Pertama. Tesalonika Kedua, Timotius Pertama, Timosius Kedua, Titus, Pilemon, Ibrani, 1 buah Surat Yakub (James), 2 buah Surat Peterus, 3 buah Surat Yahya, 1 buah Surat Yahuda.

4. Apocalypse (Wahyu) terdiri’ atas sebuah kitab saja, yang merupakan karya Yahya.

Perbandingan luas isi dari keempat-empat bagian itu, dengan meminjam Kitab Perjanjian Baru cetakan 1955 yang diterbitkan Gedung Alkitab di Jakarta, tercatat sebagai berikut :

Injil Matius ———— : 93 halaman
Injil Markus ———– : 60 halaman
Injil Lukas ————- : 97 halaman
Injil Yahya ————- : 74 halaman
Kisah Rasul-Rasul – : 90 halaman
Surat Paulus ——— : 216 halaman
Surat-surat lain —— : 43 halaman
Kitab Wahyu ——— : 45 halaman
jumlah ====== : 718 halaman

Melihat perbandingan luas isi di atas dapat disimpulkan suatu fakta bahwa himpunan Surat-Surat Paulus itu merupakan bagian yang sangat dominan di dalam Perjanjian Baru itu.

Synoptic Gospels

Keempat Injil di atas itu adalah tulisan empat tokoh mengenai peristiwa-peristiwa dalam kehidupan Jesus, semenjak lahir sampai menjalankan missinya dalam wilayah Galelia (Palestina Utara) dan terakhir dalam wilayah Judea (Palestina Selatan).

Tiga Injil yang pertama (Matius, Markus, Lukas) itu disebut dengan Synoptic Gospels, yakni Injil-Injil yang hampir bersamaan isinya.

Sekalipun dijumpai perbedaan-perbedaan kecil di sana sini mengenai urutan Silsilah, urutan Kejadian, ragam Peristiwa, akan tetapi dalam rangka keseluruhannya hampir bersamaan.

Kalangan Sarjana-sarjana-Bible (Biblical Scholars), yang melakukan penelitian secara intensif terhadap satu persatu Injil itu, menyimpulkan bahwa masing-masing penulis Injil sama-sama memungut dari suatu Sumber Asal, akan tetapi Sumber-Asal (Q) itu sudah tidak dijumpai kini dan tidak dikenal sama sekali.

Sebaliknya Injil Yahya mempunyai cara sendiri di dalam mengisahkan kehidupan beserta missi dari Jesus itu. Baikpun urutan Kejadian maupun ragam peristiwa agak jauh berbeda dengan 3 Injil yang disebut Synoptic Gospels itu.

Perbedaan lainnya bahwa 3 lnjil yang pertama itu bercerita dalam bentuk yang sederhana dan mudah dipahami, akan tetapi Injil Yahya telah dipenuhi oleh ungkapan-ungkapan filosofis.

Perbedaan lainnya yang sangat tajam sekali ialah mengenai lama missi yang dijalankan Jesus dalam wilayah Galelia dan wilayah Judea itu. 3 Injil pertama bercerita bahwa Jesus Kristus itu menjalankan missinya dalam masa satu kali Perayaan Paskah, lalu tertangkap pada masa perayaan Paskah itu di Jerusalem. Jadi, Jesus menjalankan missinya dalam tempo lebih kurang satu tahun saja.

Tetapi Injil Yahya bercerita bahwa Jesus Kristus itu menjalankan missinya dalam masa tiga kali Perayaan Paskah, dan terakhir ditangkap dalam Perayaan Paskah di Jerusalem. Jadi menurut Yahya, Jesus Kristus menjalankan missinya dalam tempo 3 tahun, bukan satu tahun seperti keterangan ketiga Injil yang tergolong Synoptic Gospels itu.

Keempat Injil itu disusun penulisnya di dalam bahasa Greek kuno (Yunani). Sedangkan Jesus Kristus lahir dan hidup dalam lingkungan masyarakat Yahudi di Palestina, yang dewasa itu berada di bawah kekuasaan imperium Roma, dan menjalankan missinya dalam lingkungan masyarakat Yahudi itu, yang dewasa itu cuma mengenal dan mempergunakan bahasa Arainik yaitu suatu dialek dari bahasa Ibrani (Yahudi).

Nazarenes dan Christians

Pengikut Jesus yang pertama sekali terdiri atas kelompok-kelompok Yahudi dalam wilayah Galelia maupun Judea, yang oleh kalangan Sarjana-sarjana Bible (Biblical Sholan) disebut dengan Early Christians, yakni Orang kristen yang pertama sekali.

Pada masa hidup Jesus sendiri maupun masa berikutnya belum dikenal sebutan orang kristen (Christianis). Mereka itu cuma disebut oleh kalangan lainnya, terutama oleh pihak-pihak yang menantang Jesus, dengan sebutan Nazarenes. Yakni para pengikut Nazareth. Hal itu disebabkan Jesus sekalipun dilahirkan di Bethlehem, akan tetapi keluarganya menetap di kota-kecil Nazareth dalam wilayah Galelia.

Oleh sebab itulah para mukmin pertama itu disebut pihak lawannya dengan pengikut orang Nazareth atau Nazarenes. Dari sebutan Nazarenes itulah lahir sebutan Nashara dalam bahasa Arab dan sebutan Nasrani dalam bahasa Indonesia.

Sedangkan sebutan Christians (Kristen) baru muncul pada masa belakangan, jauh sepeninggal Jesus. Sebutan itu bermula lahir di kota besar Antiokia di Syria Utara, sewaktu Barnabas dan Paulus menjalankan missinya di kota besar itu, yang mempunyai kedudukan sebagai ibukota imperium Roma untuk wilayah belahan Timur.

Disebabkan Barnabas dan Paulus di dalam missinya tidak henti-hentinya menyatakan dan menegaskan bahwa Jesus itu adalah Christos (AI-masih) maka orang sekitarnya memanggilkan mereka itu dengan para pengikut Kristus (Christians). Dari situlah lahir sebutan Orang kristen di dalam bahasa Indonesia.

Jesus wafat, menurut A. Powell Davies di dalam The First Christian cetakan 1957 halaman 13, sekitar tahun 29 Masehi. Pendapat itu dikukuhkan oleh Hugh J. Schonfield dalam The Authentic New Testament cetakan 1958 halaman XIV.

Sedangkan peristiwa pada kota-besar Antiokia itu terjadi, menurut Hugh J. Schonfield, sekitar tahun 46-48 masehi. Jadi Iebih kurang dua puluh tahun sepeninggal Jesus barulah muncuI sebutan Christians (orang Kristen).

Early Christians (Kristen Pertama) dan Gentile Christians (Orang Kristen Asing / Berikutnya)

Pada akhirnya pecah sengketa sengit antara Barnabas dengan Paulus pada kota-kota besar Antiokia itu (Kisah Rasul-Rasul, 15 :39), dan juga Peteros dengan Paulus pada kota-besar Antiokia itu ia, 2: 11-21 ). Inti pokok yang menyebabkan sengketa itu tidak pernah dijelaskan di dalam Kisah Rasul-Rasul, akan tetapi hal itu akan dicoba dijelaskan dalam uraian berikut.

Karena sengketa sengit itu Paulus bersama Silas meninggalkan kota-besar Antiokia untuk selama-lamanya (Kisah Rasul-Rasul, 15:40-41) menuju Asia Kecil dan Makedonia dan semenanjung Achaia (Grik) guna mengembangkan ajarannya dalam lingkungan orang Grik dan mereka itulah yang disebut dengan Gentile Christians (Orang kristen Asing).

Sebutan itu lahir dalam dunia kristen untuk membedakan kelompok Pengikut yang Baru itu dengan Kristen Petama, Early Christians, yakni para pengikut Jesus Kristus yang mula-mula dalam lingkungan masyarakat Yahudi di Palestina, yang disebut dengan Nazarenes itu.

Para pengikut yang pertama diyakini telah musnah sebagian besarnya pada masa pemberontakan total bangsa Yahudi di Palestina terhadap penindasan imperium Roma, yang berlangsung sepuluh tahun lamanya, yaitu antara tahun 65 sampai 75 masehi. Legiun X dari pihak Roma melakukan pembunuhan-pembunuhan massal (massacre) pada perkampungan-perkampungan Yahudi di seluruh Palestina, kecuali yang sempat melarikan diri ke lembah Mesopotamia dan Arabia Selatan dan berbagai wilayah lainnya.

Sewaktu Panglima Titus pada tahun 70 masehi berhasil merebut dan menguasai benteng pertahanan terakhir dari pihak Yahudi, yaitu Kota Suci Jerusalem, maka berlangsung pembunuhan massal lagi. Panglima Titus bertindak menghancurkan Bait Allah di atas bukit Zion, yakni Bait Allah yang terkenal megah dan agung itu, yang pada masa dulu bermula dibangun oleh Nabi Sulaiman dan dikenal dengan Kuil Sulaiman (Solomon’s Temple).

Panglima Titus mengumumkan wilayah Jerusalem dan sekitarnya dikuasai kini oleh pihak imperium Roma dan wilayah tersebut diberi nama dengan : Aeliae Capitolae. Semenjak tahun 70 masehi itu setiap orang Yahudi tidak di izinkan memasuki wilayah Aelice Capitolae itu.

Semenjak pemberontakan total yang gagal itulah dikenal dalam sejarah bangsa Yahudi dengan Great Diaspora, yakni masa memencar tanpa tanah air. Pada masa yang sangat tragis itu diyakini kelompok-kelompok pengikut Jesus yang pertama-tama (Early Christians) ikut musnah. Kecuali kelompok kecil yang sempat meliputkan dirinya ke kota Pella di seberang sungai Jordan, yang pada masa belakangan dikenal dengan sekte Ebionites yang mempunyai Injil sendiri yang dikenal dalam sejarah dengan Ebionite Gospel (Injil Ebionites), yang isinya jauh berbeda dengan Injil-Injil yang menjadi pegangan dunia kristen pada masa berikutnya dan kini.

Karena kelompok yang pertama-tama dapat dikatakan telah musnah pada masa pemberontakan itu maka berkembanglah kelompok pengikut yang baru, dibawah ajaran Paulus, yaitu Gentile Christians (Orang Kristen Asing).

Diambil dari http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_gereja

Tuesday, February 12, 2019

Eliezer ben Yehuda & Theodore Herzl

Skip to content Login | Sign up February 2019 PREPARING ISRAELI YOUTH FOR SPIRITUAL SURVIVAL IN THE ARMY Some 120 teenagers from Messianic homes enter the military every year. That means there are 350-450 Messianic soldiers in the military at any given time. We are working hard to engage more and more of them in fellowship with their believing peers. By Joel Goldberg PDF Version When I entered the army in the late eighties, there were very few Messianic believers serving in the IDF. I was part of the Golani Infantry Brigade, another guy was in the paratroopers and another in the Givati Infantry—we were scattered across the army. In the next few years there were more and more Israeli believers serving in the IDF, and a few started gathering for Bible studies and fellowship. When I turned 20 while in the army, one thing troubled me deeply: most of the believing friends I grew up with did not continue to follow the Lord. Over the years, a lot of Israeli youth raised in Messianic homes have walked away from the faith. A lot. Some began to have romantic relationships with non-believers. Some simply didn’t know how to defend their faith, or know what they really believed. So when they served in the military, they were completely disoriented. Joel Goldberg, founder and trailblazer of Netivah (Pathway) and its various programs such as Netzor (Safe). In the army everything is challenged—morality, values,our Biblical understanding, ethical decisions, and, of course, our spiritual walk. Military service is one of the most difficult,  challenging times for a believing teenager. It is a spiritual desert. Emotionally, it is one of the most pressured times in life. Sexually, it is a temptation. It is a struggle. We’re talking about the ages of 18, 19, 20, and 21. Men serve three years; women, two. It is a decisive stage of life when one is making critical decisions on who they are and what they believe. They are in the most precarious and challenging stage of their lives. HELP IS ON THE WAY Our organization, Netivah (translation: “Pathway”), serves these teenagers with a total of 22 conferences, camps and programs each year to prepare them spiritually for what’s ahead! We provide spiritual “boot camps” from the seventh and eighth grades through the army years for  Messianic Jewish young people. How do we encourage and challenge them? How do we provide them with what they need in order to last all the way through their two or three years in the military? The sooner we can bring them into regular fellowship with a group of other believers, especially their own ages, the better the chance they will live for the Lord and their faith will not be shaken. About 10 years ago we began a program called Netzor for high school graduates just before they go into the army. Netzor is a 10-day course that challenges these teenagers to know what they stand for and to encourage them to make a decision now! There are kids who have been raised in the faith but have never made a wholehearted commitment to serve Yeshua, no matter what. These are the ones who lose their way in the army. This year we are expecting 60 to 70 to go through the Netzor training. CHOOSE THIS DAY I really believe it is our responsibility to show them there’s a decision to make. It’s like in Joshua 24, when Israel’s leader said, “Choose for yourselves today whom you will serve.” The children of Israel came back and said, “We’ll serve God.” But we also know that Joshua warned them that they could not serve God and other gods at the same time. “Netzor” means “to be safe, to be guarded.” Proverbs says, “Above all things guard your heart.” We help these young men and women guard their hearts and prepare them for the many challenges and distractions awaiting them during their military service. We talk to them about values; about Biblical mandates—what it means to be a servant. Our goal is not to make better soldiers, but to make better disciples for Yeshua who are serving in the military. We desire to make better messengers of the truth, and the hope that the Gospel promises to the young men and women they will be serving alongside. Our goal is not to make better soldiers, but to make better disciples for Yeshua from those who are serving in the military. Messianic Jewish Teenagers, days before entering the army, spend 10 days camping out, working out and preparing themselves spiritually with 60-70 peers. Every year the number of participants increases.   YOUR JOB: TO BE A LIGHT There is nothing we can do about going or not going to the army. This is our society; it’s part of our culture, part of our ongoing struggle for our state to survive. And of course, we want to encourage them to do their best as unto Yeshua wherever they are. These believers know serving in a high place in the IDF is respected in our society, and we need to be really good soldiers. But we tell them, “It is not about how you will be the best soldiers or officers. It’s about being a light wherever you are!” One of the things we share is that sometimes God will put them in the worst place, in the most difficult place, with the most difficult people in the army, because there they can be an  influence. There  they can share the Gospel and the truth with the people around them. It’s not always popular to talk in this way, but I think when they finish this Netzor program, they go with the understanding of what it means to be a servant of Yeshua while serving in the military. * Practicing FIRST BIG CHALLENGE There are three big challenges Messianic believers face in the military. First of all, our soldiers talk about the spiritual dryness during their military service. It’s fully understood that the routine of one year, two years, three years, surrounded by non-believers, of being challenged day after day for their faith, is wearing; it is not easy for these young men and women to stand for their faith during this long period of time. We see the military as a spiritual desert, and we want to provide them with water wells along the way, from one well to another well, from a water spring to another water spring. You’ve not heard heartfelt worship until you’ve heard 120 soldiers who have been spiritually dry all week come into a time of worship and prayer where we provide a spiritual oasis for their souls. I’m a worship leader, and sometimes I’ll stop playing and we will just sing, and you hear the voices of their hearts crying out to Yeshua. They know they are very much in a spiritual desert. * Praying SECOND BIG CHALLENGE The second challenge is commitment to sexual purity. For guys, there is pornography and constant temptations. For girls, there is nothing more attractive for young non-believing soldiers than a sweet, pure, young lady that’s been brought up in a Messianic home. One of the things we have found is that our guys and our girls are just not prepared for this challenge. It  is not just sexual. It starts with genuine friendships. For example, here’s a sweet young girl who’s grown up in a Messianic home; she is a true believer. And the guys are hitting on her left and right. She is not used to that kind of attention because in Messianic circles, in our camps and conferences, guys are respectful. But non-believers are very direct and don’t hold back! Actually, our youth who have grown up in Messianic homes are quite impressive. They are respectful. They are good soldiers. They do well. They have a high level of values, and we find even Orthodox girls falling for these Messianic boys! Why? Because they’re good guys! The Messianic boys then look at these girls and say, “Wow, I’ve not seen girls like this in our Messianic community!” So there is temptation from every angle. * Worshiping   Messianic soldiers on active duty witnessing to Messianic high school graduates preparing to enter the military. THIRD BIG CHALLENGE The third challenge is how to share their faith and be a light. Messianic soldiers must be equipped,  because for the first time in their life they’re being asked real, honest, elemental questions about their faith. Until now they’ve been able to just speak to whomever they feel most comfortable with. In high school you choose your friends; you choose who you are going to tell you’re a believer, and you’re honest and open with those whom you choose. Not so in the military. There you are—24/7—with a group of people who can see everything about you. You are not being examined just on your outward behavior, but they are examining everything—every word you say, every attitude you have. They are measuring your behavior against what you say you believe. So there is no hiding who you really are in the military; it will come out. It will come out in the type of soldier that you are. It will come out in your behavior, with the words you speak, the values you hold. Some young believers don’t want to be under that kind of scrutiny so they might not tell anyone about their faith. But many Messianic soldiers really want to be a testimony—want to be a light. For them, one of the big challenges to sharing the Gospel is that there are Orthodox guys and girls who do know the Bible. They  know the Scriptures from a rabbinical perspective. Their challenges are deeper. They respond with, “Show me from the Scriptures. Prove to me that you know what you believe in.” So that’s one of our challenges in Netzor. You must know what you believe, why you believe  it, and how to defend it. PERSONAL COMMITMENTS FOR BEHAVIOR IN THE ARMY • Honesty • Not cursing • Dress modestly • No unbelieving boyfriends • Patience at home • Being nice but not flirting • Read the Scriptures every day • Avoid gossip • Joy • Pray before meals • Go to congregation and conferences • Listen to the Holy Spirit COMING FROM ALL OVER ISRAEL In our Netzor pre-military program, we gather boys and girls from all over the country, from all the congregations in Israel. We typically host 60–70 teenagers who have just graduated from high school who are about to begin their military service. It is a 10-day intensive program where we sleep outside on the Golan Heights. We hike with them and create bonding and relational activities. We bring in soldiers on active duty who share what it’s like to be a believer in the military. We study the Bible with a strong emphasis on God’s instructions concerning our lifestyle. In a long four-hour session, we discuss ethical dilemmas and values. We then give them cards on which to write down their ethics, values and commitment to Yeshua. MAKING WRITTEN COMMITMENTS We challenge them to write several aspects of their own personal commitments on each of these values: honesty, purity, relationships with others, respect, family relationships, growing spiritually, and continued relationship with their congregation. They know they are making commitments before the Lord. We then laminate this card for them to put in their Bible. It is a wonderful tool to help these teens keep themselves accountable. We know because of the testimonies coming from these young people after they have been in the army. Their personal, written commitment was, and still is, of great help to keep them strong in their faith. Volunteer guides and leaders for Netzor Then there are others who, though they grew up in Messianic homes and have known the truth, have never surrendered to the Lordship of Yeshua. At Netivah, they have that opportunity. At graduation, we invite elders and leaders of their congregations, parents and youth leaders, and we challenge them to keep these young men and women in prayer and in close relationship. The Netivah pre-military program has become a safety net—an instrument of God to keep young soldiers strong in their faith. All of our 22 or more annual meetings, camps and programs keep us pushing forward constantly. For example, we feel we must have four to six meetings per year for our soldiers. Most of our conferences are over a Friday-Saturday when the soldiers are on leave. And here is our telltale statistic. Around 90% of the men and women who serve in the army and attend the soldiers conferences have grown up also attending the youth conferences! We have to start early! And we have to continue our relationship throughout their teens and their military service. We have seen that our outreach to believing soldiers is critical to their victorious walk with the Lord. A personal note from Ari and Shira Sorko-Ram (Founders of Maoz Israel): Did this article touch you? Are you ready to help these precious Israeli youth? After ministering here in Israel for over 40 years, we have many friends among the early Messianic pioneers in Israel. We remember their children when they were newborns, when they were toddlers, and when they were teens. Now many of them are not serving the Lord. Some have married non-believers. We have a long list of these children who have left the faith, and we pray for them by name in our daily prayer time together. We are knocking on the doors of mercy for their return to eternal life. And we will not give them up! We know their parents. We are praying in agreement with them, knowing their broken hearts are crying out to the Lord for the salvation of their children, their spouses and even grandchildren. When we came to Israel decades ago, for all practical purposes, there was very little spiritual input for children. We used to drive from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem just to let our children meet with other believing children. Oh, how that has changed! Joel Goldberg, also a child of early Messianic ministers, made it through those difficult years. But he grieved to see his friends fall away. Out of that grief he has spearheaded Netivah, an incredibly successful program to reach kids from the 7th grade until the end of their military service. Joel and his Netivah staff conduct 22 different conferences and programs every single year! This is utterly amazing! Hundreds of Messianic teens and soldiers are taking part in these gatherings. Some of the youth make their first real commitment to serve the Lord with all their hearts. Everyone is strengthened to serve victoriously in the Israel Defense Forces, and make it through with their faith not only intact, but growing. This ministry, Netivah (Pathway), works with the youth in many different ways. For example, there are conferences for girls only and for boys only. There are conferences for budding leaders. However, there is no more strategic conference than the 10-day Netzor pre-military program in which 60-70 teenagers will attend days before they walk through the gates of the IDF induction center. This gathering is a tremendous spiritual boost to young Messianic recruits helping them prepare themselves and reminding them that God is with them and leading them as they meet, for the first time, new friends, new authorities and new rules. Yes, we are continually witnessing about our faith, talking to Israelis who have never heard who Yeshua is and what He has done for mankind—in a way they can understand. At the same time, it makes no sense to see children who were born and raised in the faith by dedicated Messianic moms and dads—left to face incredible temptations and enticements in the military and not make every effort to keep them safe in Yeshua’s arms. The cost for the Netzor program which will take place in July is $55,000. Of course, most of the expenses for lodging, transportation, etc. must be booked in advance. So with all our hearts, we ask you to help us sponsor this Netzor program financially and with focused prayer for these young men and women who will be going through the program, so that they will come out of the army stronger than ever in their faith and witness of Yeshua the Messiah. We need your help! For the salvation of our Messianic youth, Ari and Shira Sorko-Ram P.S. The funds for the Netzor program are needed NOW in preparation for the program. Thank you for your heart of giving! DONATE FATHER OF THE MODERN HEBREW LANGUAGE Part 5: ELIEZER BEN YEHUDA MEETS THEODORE HERZL By Shira Sorko-Ram Believe it or not, Eliezer Ben Yehuda had very little success with spreading the Hebrew language during his first 20 years in Jerusalem. True, he had started an important weekly Hebrew newspaper (eight pages) coming out of Jerusalem. He had taught Hebrew as a spoken language to school children for the first time in almost 2,000 years. And he had begun work on a Hebrew dictionary. He had even written articles urging the Jews to create a nation state in Israel 19 years before anyone had heard of Theodore Herzl. But when he arrived in Jerusalem, there were only about 25,000 Jews, mostly Orthodox, who themselves were fierce enemies of Ben Yehuda’s vision to make Hebrew a modern spoken language of the Jewish people. He and his wife had almost no friends, let alone allies. But something was stirring. Amazingly, during that same year Ben Yehuda came to Israel, 1881, the first wave of Jews (called The First Aliyah) started “coming home.” Over the next 20 years 35,000 Jews immigrated—mostly young, bright, intelligent and idealistic—to farm. Yet few knew anything about agriculture and before long, half had returned to Eastern Europe. Due to the primitive and filthy conditions of Jerusalem where the Ben Yehuda’s lived, his first wife Devora, and three of his five children, died in the first ten years. Days before she died, Devora wrote a letter to her sister Paula Yonas, living in Moscow, begging Paula to take her place and marry Eliezer to help him accomplish his life’s mission to resurrect the Hebrew language. It is not clear whether Paula or Eliezer corresponded first, but soon rumors were spreading in Jerusalem that the widower’s shoulders were less stooped, his eyes were again sparkling and his walk brisker. Letters crisscrossed the Mediterranean between Hemda (Paula’s new Hebrew name), and Eliezer. Eliezer’s best friend Nissim Behar had a long talk with him. “Eliezer, how can you think of marrying this young girl of 19 after her sister died from contracting tuberculosis from you? I’m telling you this because  your own doctor begged me to talk to you. You know yourself that you could die at any time. You must cancel this wedding.” And so Ben Yehuda did what he felt he must. He wrote Hemda, telling her what the doctor had said. The  wedding was off. He gave the letter to the doctor to mail, fearful he might fail to mail it. HEMDA DECIDES His two remaining children were puzzled. Their father was no longer excited and would not answer when the children asked about their new mother’s arrival. For two weeks, silence. Then one day a cable came. BE CALM. LETTER FOLLOWS, HEMDA. Hemda had announced to her mother and father that she was determined to marry Eliezer and move to Jerusalem to be a mother to the two children. Her parents were shocked beyond words. Was she going to be another martyr to tuberculosis? But when they saw her unrelenting resolve, Solomon and Rivka Yonas decided to make aliyah together with Hemda and their two younger children! This was a unique family—willing to travel to “the ends of the earth” so their second daughter could marry a genius, but nevertheless, a very sick man. You may be able to guess what Eliezer’s first serious conversation was with Hemda. He told her she would not be allowed to speak to his children until she learned Hebrew! MOVING IN So there they were in Eliezer’s small house: Hemda’s parents and siblings and Eliezer’s mother all now living together—and none of them could speak Hebrew except Solomon, and his Hebrew was elementary. Eliezer solved the problem. He moved the printing press for his newspaper into their home and five pressmen came to work every day with instructions that they could never speak a word of any language other than Hebrew. And he told his Syrian servant who ran errands for him that he must be with his children from the time they arrived home from school until they went to bed. STUDYING HEBREW Hemda quickly realized it was up to her to decide whether the Ben Yehuda home would remain a Hebrew household or not. So she spent almost all of her time studying Hebrew. Often she cried in frustration that she wouldn’t be able to learn the language and complained to Eliezer that Hebrew grammar was next to impossible. But day after day he gave her lessons. He taught her first to read the entire book of Genesis, and each day gave her a sprinkling of purely household words to learn. After three months, she made an announcement to Eliezer—she was ready now to speak only Hebrew to him. And if he spoke slowly, she felt she could understand. After six months, she made another announcement. She would from that day forward speak only Hebrew, not just with her husband, but everyone else she met. And so he took her to visit Jaffa and the new Jewish settlements near the coast to show off his bride’s Hebrew! Some people didn’t believe she had studied Hebrew for only six months, and even accused Eliezer of playing a joke on them. Nevertheless, the impression she made on people was enormous. Here was proof that Hebrew is a language that even adults could learn and speak. If she could do it, others could, too. THE DICTIONARY Hemda began to grasp the monumental importance a Hebrew dictionary would be to a reborn nation of Jews. But how could Eliezer publish a Hebrew newspaper—a full-time job—and at the same time create a first-ever dictionary of modern spoken Hebrew? Especially since most of the words that would go into the dictionary had not yet been created! She, who had just learned Hebrew, realized she would have to help write and publish his newspaper The Deer in Hebrew so he could concentrate most of his time on the dictionary. And so just over a year after she married, she began writing simple articles that Eliezer edited and corrected—and voila! A new Hebrew journalist! In every way, she became a first-class writer and entrepreneur. She even found some clients to advertise—also a first in Jerusalem—as she knew the main issue was always financial. At one point, her father also wrote articles for The Deer. At the time of Hanukkah, he wrote an article on the victory of the Maccabees with the rededication of the Temple. Taking inspiration from their ancient forefathers, Solomon wrote, “We must collect our forces and move forward.” Now, it so happens that the word “forward” in Hebrew can also mean “eastward”—as in “towards Turkey!” When the Sabbath ended, Jerusalem’s ultra-Orthodox leaders who despised Ben Yehuda for trying to make the Hebrew of the Bible into a modern everyday language, went straight to the Turkish authorities and “exposed” Ben Yehuda’s attempt to stir up an armed revolt against the Turks! IMPRISONED FOR TREASON Sunday morning, Turkish policemen knocked at his door and took him to jail. He was booked for treason, with the possibility of execution. His closest friend, Nissim Behar, sent an urgent plea for help to the rich and powerful Baron Edmond Rothschild in France, who, through his philanthropy, supported the poor in the Land of Israel, especially the Orthodox. Behar also put out an immediate call to secular Jews of Palestine for a “go fund me” to pay for bribes needed to obtain visitation rights to Eliezer and prepare him for what he was to say at his trial. The money came quickly. Hundreds of secular Jews from the First Aliyah came from all over the country to protest the arrest. A Jewish man and his Arab partner set up a special café outside the prison so Ben Yehuda’s visitors could get coffee and refreshments. Many Arab officials who were friends of Eliezer risked the ire of the Turkish government by openly lining up on Ben Yehuda’s side. Christians offered their help. Amazingly, the issue brought the Jews together in unity—except for the ultra-Orthodox—in a way that had not been seen before. For eight days the emaciated, consumptive editor was kept behind bars. The first night he was thrown in a tiny cell with 15 assassins, so crowded that he had to remain standing all night, his face thrust against the small opening at the top of the door in order to breathe. However, the next day the prison doctor, with a sizeable bribe, pronounced Ben Yehuda’s tubercular condition endangered the lives of the condemned murderers. They isolated him in his own jail cell. WORKING IN PRISON Hemda took a rug, bed, mattress, chair and worktable, with other amenities such as bed linen, a lamp, books, ink, paper, and a small oil stove on which to make tea, so he could continue his work. Eliezer grew calmer with every passing day, satisfied to work on his dictionary in his cell as long as need be. At the trial of Ottoman Empire vs. Eliezer Ben Yehuda, it was clear to the Turkish authorities that the ultra Orthodox Jews had officially excommunicated him. However, surprisingly, the Ottoman judges decided he was not a dangerous rebel, but he was a troublemaker. They sentenced him to one year in prison. Secondly, his newspaper that caused all this trouble would be suspended for a year! Everyone knew the trump card was in Baron Rothschild’s hand because of his financial support. He was deluged from both sides with cables and letters. No response came from the Baron until one day the Orthodox rabbis received a cable. It said, EXERCEZ VOS PRIERES. BARON ROTHSCHILD. Translation: “Stick with your prayers.” In other words, stay out of what is not your business. Suddenly the Ashkenazi Orthodox who were dependent on the Baron’s good graces, backed out of the whole thing and the Chief Sephardic Rabbi publicly renounced the ban. BRIBES ARRIVE Ben Yehuda went back to working 18 to 19 hours a day on his dictionary. As the appeal to his sentence drew near, the Baron sent a check for 10,000 francs, half of it for bribes. Ben Yehuda was pronounced innocent. However, the court declared he couldn’t publish his newspaper for one full year—another four months! At the end of the four months, he received more terrible news. The governor of Jerusalem decided arbitrarily to close his newspaper for another year. Ben Yehuda was disconsolate. But Hemda, always his encourager, told him this was surely Providence’s way of forcing him to concentrate totally on the really important task—his dictionary. Six months later, with another bountiful bribe from Rothschild, he received permission to continue his newspaper. Jews throughout the country and in Europe who had depended on this newspaper for news from the Holy Land were thrilled, and The Deer was more popular than ever. With Eliezer and Hemda’s ingenuity and enthusiasm, a flood of articles by young Jewish writers contributed to The Deer. Many who became celebrated in the field of Jewish literature got their start through the little Jerusalem weekly. DEATH ON THE COAST Still, disease hounded the family. Hemda’s father missed a boat that was to take him back to Russia for a season. Waiting for the next boat in Jaffa, he caught some disease and within a couple of weeks, died. Two of Hemda’s five children died of pneumonia. Hemda herself suffered for years from malaria and rheumatism. Throughout the country, there was nothing accomplished without incredible struggles and a high cost in Jewish lives. Some newly established settlements were completely wiped out. Every single person in the village of Hedera (now a thriving city) died of Yellow Fever. HERZL RISES TO LEADERSHIP OF THE ZIONIST MOVEMENT In 1896, Theodore Herzl, now known as the father of the modern state of Israel, wrote a bombshell book called The Jewish State. That was the beginning of the awakening of the Jewish people to return to their ancient home. He followed up with a call for a First Zionist Conference of Jews to take place at Basel, Switzerland, in August 1897. It was natural that Ben Yehuda would attend that First Zionist Conference. But he couldn’t go! He had thought he should become as “native” as possible in the ancient Land of Israel and had taken on Ottoman citizenship early on. Now they denied his leaving the country. Herzl wrote Ben Yehuda, letting the editor from Jerusalem know he had been unanimously elected a member of the executive board. Ben Yehuda was very honored, but alas, if he accepted the membership, his days of activity in Palestine would quickly come to an end. In fact, he was warned not to ever mention the word “Zionism” in his newspaper. And now an added worry arose; Hemda became pale and thin with reoccurring malaria and rheumatism. And so on the spur of the moment he decided to take her to Europe. In fact, they spent six months there, while Eliezer researched ancient Hebrew words in the top museums and libraries of Europe, and conferred with the most renown Orientalists in the world. SEARCHING FOR HERZL While in Europe he had a burning desire to meet with Herzl as he esteemed him as the leader of the whole Zionist movement, to which Ben Yehuda had dedicated his entire life. He agreed completely with Herzl’s vision of a homeland for the Jewish people. But Ben Yehuda was deeply concerned that Herzl never mentioned once the importance of the Hebrew language in bringing the Jewish people together. In England, he visited Dr. Max Nordau, right-hand man of Herzl. Eliezer spent much time explaining the critical importance for a Jewish national language and Hebrew dictionary and Nordau agreed. Dr. Nordau encouraged Eliezer to go to Basel and talk to Herzl himself. Wearily, he said he would go. He and Hemda traveled to Basel, but when they arrived, a friend told them Herzl had left the day before for Vienna. The friend quickly sent a telegram to Herzl saying the Ben Yehuda’s were on their way to Vienna to visit him. But when they reached Vienna they received another blow. His wife said he had left for an important interview with Emperor Francis Joseph. Herzl told her to urge them to come to the Hotel of the Three Kings in Ischl. Back at the railway station, the Ben Yehudas just missed a train, and had to wait several hours for the next one. Upon arrival, they went straight to the hotel. The concierge told them, “You no doubt are the people Mr.  Herzl went to the train station to meet. But when you were not on the train, he expressed his regrets, as  he had to go back to Vienna and then to Basel.” Eliezer didn’t have enough money to keep traveling. They headed home to Jerusalem via Constantinople. WAITING FOR NEWSPAPER PERMIT RENEWAL Eliezer decided to stay in Constantinople to renew his permit to publish The Deer while Hemda returned  home. Coughing blood night and day, he became confined to his bed for eight months. Eliezer was a very sick man. As fate would have it, Theodore Herzl came through Constantinople on his way to meet again with the German Kaiser. But Eliezer was too sick to meet him! Furthermore when Herzl finally visited Jerusalem, Eliezer was still in Constantinople. Even Hemda could not attend any of the receptions for the honored guest because she was in bed waiting the birth of their fourth child. Herzl sent word that he would visit Hemda in their home. But he never came. Finally after he recovered, Ben Yehuda decided that he must talk face to face with Herzl. He must find him at any cost and explain why a spoken modern Hebrew language was the strategic key to a national movement of Jews returning to the Holy Land. Theodor Herzl HERZL AT LAST He took a train from Turkey to Vienna, and there the two men finally met. Ben Yehuda laid out in great detail his plan for uniting the Jewish people through one language—Hebrew. He told how his life’s work was to print a worthy Hebrew-language newspaper and create a Hebrew dictionary. He told how he was pushing schools in the Land of Israel to teach in Hebrew and how he was creating committees to decide on Hebrew words, and encouraging teaching the arts and literature in Hebrew, and even helping the early Jewish farmers to learn Hebrew. But Herzl simply couldn’t see it. He was convinced the best language for a future state was German. Herzl’s focus was to convince German royalty to pressure the Sultan into giving the Jews a charter for their homeland. Eliezer Ben Yehuda knew it was not going to happen. He left for home a broken man. Herzl wrote of this visit in his diary: “I also met a young fanatic who tried to convince me that what our movement needs is to adopt Hebrew as our national language. It is, of course, ridiculous!” ELIEZER DEVASTATED Eliezer’s letter to his wife was quite different: “The situation is desperate. Herzl is convinced he will succeed in buying a charter from the Turks and will not talk about anything else. He has no interest in either the newspaper or the dictionary. We are indeed an unfortunate people.” Ben Yehuda never saw Herzl again. It is said by a few historians that Herzl later understood his mistake and even took some Hebrew lessons himself, besides making sure his children learned Hebrew. What we do know is that Ben Yehuda always stood with Herzl and saw him as leader of the Zionist movement. Though Herzl never once recognized any of his activities and efforts for the cause, when Herzl died in 1904, Eliezer mourned deeply the father of the Zionist movement. Principal Sources: Fulfillment of Prophecy, Eliezer Ben Yehuda, by Eliezer Ben Yehuda (grandson) 2008; Tongue of the Prophets, The Life Story of Eliezer Ben Yehuda by Robert St. John 1952; https://goo.gl/MVmMUK;  https://goo.gl/8r29uN DONATE DONATE February 2019 Dear Maoz Partner, After ministering here in Israel for over 40 years, we have many friends among the early Messianic pioneers in Israel.  We remember their children when they were newborns, when they were toddlers, and when they were teens. Now many of them are not serving the Lord.  Some have married non-believers. We have a long list of these children who have left the faith, and we pray for them by name in our daily prayer time together.  We are knocking on the doors of mercy for their return to eternal life.  And we will not give them up! We know their parents. We are praying in agreement with them, knowing their broken hearts are crying out to the Lord for the salvation of their children, their spouses and even grandchildren. When we came to Israel decades ago, for all practical purposes, there was very little spiritual input for children.  We used to drive from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem just to let our children meet with other believing children. Oh, how that has changed! Joel Goldberg, also a child of early Messianic ministers, made it through those difficult years.  But he grieved to see his friends fall away.  Out of that grief he has spearheaded Netivah, an incredibly successful program to reach kids from the 7th grade until the end of their military service. Joel and his Netivah staff conduct 22 different conferences and programs every single year!  This is utterly amazing!  Hundreds of Messianic teens and soldiers are taking part in these gatherings.  Some of the youth make their first real commitment to serve the Lord with all their hearts.  Everyone is strengthened to serve victoriously in the Israel Defense Forces, and make it through with their faith not only intact, but growing. This ministry, Netivah (Pathway), works with the youth in many different ways.  For example, there are conferences for girls only and for boys only.  There are conferences for budding leaders. However, there is no more strategic conference than the 10-day Netzor pre-military program in which 60-70 teenagers will attend days before they walk through the gates of the IDF induction center.  This gathering is a tremendous spiritual boost to young Messianic recruits helping them prepare themselves and reminding them that God is with them and leading them as they meet, for the first time, new friends, new authorities and new rules. Yes, we are continually witnessing about our faith, talking to Israelis who have never heard who Yeshua is and what He has done for mankind—in a way they can understand.  At the same time, it makes no sense to see children who were born and raised in the faith by dedicated Messianic moms and dads—left to face incredible temptations and enticements in the military and not make every effort to keep them safe in Yeshua’s arms. The cost for the Netzor program which will take place in July is $55,000.  Of course, most of the expenses for lodging, transportation, etc. must be booked in advance. So with all our hearts, we ask you to help us sponsor this Netzor program financially and with focused prayer for these young men and women who will be going through the program, so that they will come out of the army stronger than ever in their faith and witness of Yeshua the Messiah. We need your help! For the salvation of our Messianic youth, Ari and Shira Sorko-Ram P.S.  The funds for the Netzor program are needed NOW in preparation for the program.  Thank you for your heart of giving! DONATE Share This Story, Choose Your Platform! 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Kristen Yahudi

Daftar Isi: BROWNING: ORANG-ORANG KRISTEN YAHUDI ; Kristen Yahudi Ke atas ORANG-ORANG KRISTEN YAHUDI [Kamus Browning] Umat Kristen perdana yang melaksanakan keyahudian. Hal ini berlangsung lama, sebelum terjadinya revolusi, ketika kepercayaan mereka kepada Yesus melahirkan hubungan baru dengan --> Yudaisme, dan dalam jemaat sendiri timbul konflik internal. Yudaisme bukanlah sistem monolitik. Di dalamnya ada orang-orang --> Farisi, --> Saduki, *Esseni, dan mungkin orang-orang --> Samaria, yang beraneka ragam. Menurut Kis. 2:46, para --> rasul sering kali mengunjungi Bait Allah, dan sejumlah orang-orang Farisi (Kis. 15:5) telah bergabung ke dalam jemaat. Unsur bersama yang mempersatukan jemaat Kristen awal adalah iman mereka bahwa --> Mesias itu Yesus dan bahwa Kitab Suci telah digenapi di dalam Dia. Terjadi krisis besar ketika Paulus, yang sebelumnya adalah orang Farisi, melakukan penginjilan kepada orang --> bukan Yahudi dalam skala besar. Keyakinannya adalah bahwa Yesus bukanlah Mesias Yahudi saja, dan kekristenan bukanlah Yudaisme yang diperbarui. --> Keselamatan ditawarkan kepada semua orang oleh Yesus yang telah disalibkan dan bangkit, dan bahwa --> Taurat Yahudi tidak menjadi kewajiban bagi orang-orang bukan Yahudi yang telah bertobat. Beberapa orang Kristen di Yerusalem yang menentang Paulus khawatir bahwa liberalisme ini akan menyebabkan ditinggalkannya sama sekali standar-standar etis perilaku. Mereka terus menaati seluruh Taurat, dan lebih merupakan orang Yahudi Kristen ketimbang orang Kristen Yahudi. Sementara yang lain ingin terus menaati kebiasaan berpantang sepanjang hidupnya dan bersedia menerima kompromi. Memang, apa yang dilakukan Paulus sendiri adalah kompromi. Ia sendiri menaati sebagian Taurat (mis. masuk ke Bait Allah setelah membersihkan dirinya, Kis. 21:26), sementara ia berupaya keras untuk mengecualikan orang-orang bukan Yahudi dari kewajiban itu. Setelah penghancuran Yerusalem pada 70 M, masa depan jemaat berada dalam kekristenan bukan Yahudi Paulus. Namun, kontroversi dalam Injil-injil Matius, Lukas, dan Yohanes menyatakan bahwa pengaruh orang Yahudi dalam jemaat masih cukup kuat hingga 100 M. Ini juga merupakan periode ketika surat Kristen Yahudi Yakobus ditulis. Sejak awal abad kedua M, penerus kekristenan Yahudi terpinggirkan menjadi kaum *Ebionit dan Nazarene, yang karya-karyanya dikutip oleh *Origenes dan Hieronimus. Kelompok Ebionit memiliki --> Kristologi *adopsionis. Dalam PB Surat Yakobus merupakan dokumen Yahudi yang paling jelas; di dalamnya hanya ada dua petunjuk tentang Kristus (1:1 dan 2:1). keduanya malah mungkin merupakan tambahan Kristen kemudian pada tulisan Yahudi itu. Contoh-contoh Yakobus mengenai kesabaran dalam penderitaan berasal dari nabi-nabi PL dan --> Ayub, bukan dari Yesus (5:10 dst.). Wahyu kepada Yohanes tentu saja berutang pada kekristenan Yahudi. Kitab tersebut menggunakan gambaran dan gaya --> Yehezkiel serta --> Daniel. Penerimaannya dalam Gereja lambat dan agak enggan, karena sifat apokalyptiknya yang asing. Gereja tidak menyangka) akar keyahudiannya dan Rm. 9-11 mengingatkan sisi yang menarik bahwa apa yang, telah dijanjikan Allah dalam *perjanjian-Nya mencakup, baik umat Yahudi maupun Kristen. Namun, ada pula ekstremis yang, berada pada kutub yang berbeda dengan kaum Ebionit. Mereka adalah *Marcion dengan pengikut-pengikutnya, yang menolak keberlakuan PL lebih lanjut, dan bahkan sebagian PB. Surat-surat Paulus sebagian Injil Lukas adalah Kitab Suci mereka yang amat kecil.Dalam PB juga terdapat tulisan-tulisan dengan latar belakang Yahudi, yang menempati posisi antara dalam Gereja. Injil Matius misalnya, sangat berutang pada PL dan sangat menekankan berlakunya Taurat. Namun, Kristologi Matius, yang dalamnya Yesus disamakan dengan --> Hikmat (Mat 11:19; 23:34-36), jauh melampaui *adopsionisme kaum Ebionit. Surat Ibrani sepenuhnya bernada Yahudi, namun bermusuhan dengan peribadahan Bait Allah, seperti halnya kaum Ebionit (Bait Allah tidak ada lagi setelah 70 M). Tetapi, surat ini menolak pandangan (kaum Ebionit) bahwa Kristus memiliki kedudukan yang sama dengan malaikat (Ibr. 1:4-2:18).