Tuesday, February 5, 2019

Haman & Against Jews

Daftar Isi: TOKOH: Haman ; BROWNING: HAMAN ; ENSIKLOPEDIA: HAMAN ; BIOTOKOH PL: HAMAN ; LAIN: Dalam Versi-Versi Alkitab ; Haman bin Hamedata Haman: Ester 3:1. (Kamus Gering) Hamedata: dikaruniakan oleh bulan. Est 3:1. (Kamus Gering) Ke atas Haman [Kamus Tokoh] Haman Orang bangsa Agag yang diberi hormat oleh Ahasyweros (Est 3:1-2). Merancang untuk memusnahkan orang Yehudi karena Mordekhai (Est 3:3-15). Dipaksa untuk memberi hormat kepada Mordekhia (dalam Est 5:1-6:14). Rancangan Haman digagalkan (Est 5:1-8; 7:1-8). Digantung (Est 7:9-10). Ke atas HAMAN [Kamus Browning] Politikus Persia di lingkungan istana --> Ahasyweros. Setelah menderita penghinaan yang dituduhkan --> Mordekhai, si orang Yahudi itu, --> Haman mereka-reka pembalasan, namun melalui campur tangan Ratu --> Ester dan Ahasyweros, Haman harus mati di tiang gantungan yang didirikan untuk Mordekhai (Est. 7:10). Cerita yang secara dramatis ditenun ke dalam Kitab Ester ini merupakan kreasi sastra yang disusun untuk membenarkan pesta --> Purim orang Yahudi. Ke atas HAMAN [Ensiklopedia] Penjahat dalam Kitab Est. Ia merencanakan untuk membunuh orang Yahudi secara masal, karena hatinya yg penuh kesombongan terluka oleh penolakan Mordekhai untuk menyembah dia. Pada akhirnya ia digantung di tiang gantungan yg ia siapkan sendiri untuk Mordekhai. Ia disebut 'orang Agag' ( --> AGAG). Namanya mungkin diperoleh dari dewa orang Elam, Hum(b)an. --> ESTER, KITAB. JSW/JMP Ke atas HAMAN [Biotokoh Pl] Arti nama : DIRAYAKAN Ayah :  Hammedata - Ester 3:1 Istri :  Zeresy - Ester 5:14 Disebut pertama :  Ester 3:1 Namanya disebut :  52 kali Pekerjaan :  Kepala pemimpin di bawah Ahasweros - Ester 3:1 Tempat kematian :  Di tiang gantungan di kota Susan - Ester 7:10 Keadaan kematian :  Dijatuhi hukuman mati oleh raja Ahas - Weros Terakhir disebut :  Ester 9:24 Fakta penting :  IA MENCOBA MEMBUNUH UMAT ISRAEL DI SELURUH KERJAAN AHASWEROS PADA ZAMAN ESTER MENJADI PERMAISURI (ESTER 3:8,9). Ke atas Dalam Versi-Versi Alkitab: Haman: BIS TB Hamedata: BIS TB

Mordekhai

Daftar Isi: HAAG: Mordekhai ; TOKOH: Mordekhai ; BROWNING: MORDEKHAI ; ENSIKLOPEDIA: MORDEKHAI ; BIOTOKOH PL: MORDEKHAI ; STATISTIK: MORDEKHAI ; LAIN: Dalam Versi-Versi Alkitab ; Mordekhai Mordekhai: penyembah (pengabdi) dari --> Merodakh. Ester 2:5. (Kamus Gering) Ke atas Mordekhai [Kamus Haag] Mordekhai. (Bhs. Ibr.: termasuk milik --> Marduk). Bapak angkat --> Ester (Est 2:5,7). Ia seorang Yahudi dari suku Benyamin, yang dibuang ke Babilon bersama raja Yoyakhin. Penolakannya untuk menghormati Haman mengakibatkan timbulnya dekrit terhadap orang Yahudi. Atas dasar permohonan Ester, ~M diberi hadiah untuk menempati kedudukan Haman (Est 3:1-10:3), sebab ~M telah berhasil membongkar sebuah persekongkolan pemberontakan di istana (Est 2:21-23). Ke atas Mordekhai [Kamus Tokoh] Mordekhai Orang Benyamin buangan yang membesarkan Ester (Est 2:5-15). Mengetahui suatu komploton untuk membunuh Ahasyweros (Est 2:19-23). Tidak sujud kepada Haman (Est 3:1-6; 5:9-14). Minta bantuan Ester untuk menggagalkan rancangan Haman terhadap orang Yahudi (dalam Est 4:1-17). Ahasyweros memaksa Haman memberi hormat kepada Mordekhai (dalam Est 6:1-14). Diangkat menjadi kuasa (Est 8:1-2). Menggagalkan rancangan Haman (Est 8:3-17). Menetapkan hari raya Purin (dalam Est 9:20-23). Ke atas MORDEKHAI [Kamus Browning] Pahlawan Yahudi di dalam cerita --> Ester, yang menggambarkan kebalikan dari nasib baik. Hukuman mati atas dirinya yang dijatuhkan karena ia kurang menghormati --> Haman, yaitu orang kesayangan dalam istana raja Persia, --> Ahasyweros, sudah disahkan raja bersama dengan rencana pemusnahan orang Yahudi di seluruh kerajaan. Mordekhai akan digantung dan tiang gantungan sudah didirikan. Tetapi Ratu Ester yang Yahudi menghalangi: ada catatan resmi yang memperlihatkan bahwa Mordekhai pernah menyelamatkan raja dari suatu usaha pembunuhan atas dirinya (Est. 2:22). Dengan diberi keterangan seperti itu, raja menarik kembali perintah pembunuhan atas Mordekhai dan sebaliknya Hamanlah yang digantung pada tiang gantungan.Sekalipun suatu cerita buatan, namun kemungkinan ada suatu peristiwa historis yang mendasarinya, yang dirayakan di dalam perayaan kurang penting, yaitu pesta --> Purim. Ke atas MORDEKHAI [Ensiklopedia] (Ibrani mordekhay; mordokhay; Ezr 2:2). 1. Pemimpin orang-orang buangan, yg kembali ke Palestina bersama Zerubabel (Ezr 2:2; Neh 7:7; 1 Esdras 5:8). 2. Seorang Yahudi buangan yg pindah ke Susan, ibukota kerajaan Persia ( --> SUSAN). Di Susan dia dipekerjakan di istana. Dia dari suku Benyamin, anak Yiar dan keturunan Kisy, yg diangkut ke Babel oleh Nebukadnezar (Est 2:5-6). Ia membesarkan Hadasa ( --> ESTER) anak yatim piatu, adiknya dari saudara bapaknya, dan mendapat pahala (namanya disebut kitab sejarah kerajaan) karena membuka tabir persekongkolan terhadap raja Ahasyweros. Ada ahli yg menyamakannya dengan seorang pegawai keuangan di Susan. Ia menentang Haman, wali raja, yg berkomplot hendak membunuh semua orang Yahudi (Est 3). Tatkala niat jahat itu dibalikkan kepada Haman, Mordekhai mengganti dia dalam jabatannya, dan menjadi orang kedua di bawah raja (5-6; 10). Ia gunakan kedudukan ini mendorong orang Yahudi mempersenjatai diri menghadapi rencana pembunuhan massa yg diilhami oleh Haman. Sebagai penghormatan terhadap Mordekhai, penguasa-penguasa propinsi Persia, yg menerima surat dari Mordekhai, melindungi orang Yahudi. Peringatan akan peristiwa ini melalui surat hari raga tahunan ( --> PURIM), di kemudian hari dihubungkan dengan 'hari Mordekhai' (2 Makabe 15:36). Mordekhai mungkin merupakan terjemahan Ibrani dari nama diri Mardukaia, nama Babel yg biasa. Nama ini ditemui dalam tulisan zaman itu, termasuk suatu naskah kr 485 sM (Afo 19, 1959-1960, hlm 79-81) dan naskah lain tentang seorang pegawai Ushtannu, gubernur Babel (ZAW 58, 1940-1941, hlm 243 dst; bnd S. H Horn, Bib Res 9, 1964, hlm 14-25). DJW/MHS/HAO Ke atas MORDEKHAI [Biotokoh Pl] Arti nama : DIPERSEMBAHKAN KEPADA MURS' Ayah :  Yair - Ester 2:5 Disebut pertama :  Ester 2:5 Namanya disebut :  56 kali Kitab yang menyebut :  1 buku : Ester Pekerjaan :  Perdana Menteri - Ester 10:3 Terakhir disebut :  Ester 10:3 Fakta penting :  IA SEPUPU ESTER YANG MEMBERI TAHU TENTANG RENCANA HAMAN UNTUK MEMBUNUH ORANG ISRAEL (ESTER 2:7. 10:3). Ke atas Mordekhai [Statistik] Jumlah dalam TB : 62 dalam 52 ayat (dalam OT : 62 dalam 52 ayat) Strong dalam PL : [<01931> חוא ‎1x] [<04782> מרדכי ‎59x] Ke atas Dalam Versi-Versi Alkitab: Mordekhai: BIS TB

Ester & Kitabnya

Daftar Isi: BROWNING: ESTER, KITAB ; ENSIKLOPEDIA: ESTER, KITAB ; LAIN: Dalam Versi-Versi Alkitab ; Kitab Ester Ke atas ESTER, KITAB [Kamus Browning] Kitab ketujuh belas PL dalam urutan tradisional. Politik harem, `anti-semitisme, dan kepahlawanan perempuan Yahudi yang gagah berani diramu menjadi sebuah kisah dari periode Persia akhir (awal abad ke-4 sM), yang dibentangkan dengan penuh ketegangan. Ester yang cantik itu berhasil memohon kepada Raja --> Ahasyweros, suaminya, bagi bangsanya dan *Mordekhal, ayah angkatnya, agar ia menentang kemarahan --> Haman, yang memandang hina mereka. Nasib berbalik, dan Haman sendirilah yang digantung (Est. 7:10).Dalam cerita ini -- yang biasanya dianggap sebagai legenda untuk mengesahkan perayaan Purim pada bulan Maret -- Allah tidak disebut. Namun, tambahan pada Kitab Ester dalam --> LXX memberi warna religius, yang sebelumnya tidak ada, kepada seluruh cerita dan perayaan Purim itu. Keberuntungan yang diperoleh Ester, yang dalam kitab ini dikaitkan dengan kecantikan dan keberaniannya, dalam tambahannya dihubungkan dengan kesalehannya. Tambahan-tambahan yang ditulis oleh beberapa tangan antara abad kedua sM dan abad pertama M ini dalam Alkitab Protestan terdapat dalam bagian apokrif, namun Gereja Katolik Roma menyisipkannya di tempat yang tepat dalam teks. Untuk memperjelas bahwa bagian-bagian ini bukanlah bagian dari naskah Ibrani, NJB Katolik mencetaknya dengan huruf miring. Ke atas ESTER, KITAB [Ensiklopedia] Kitab ini menceritakan bagaimana Ester, seorang perempuan Yahudi, menjadi istri raja Persia, sehingga ia dapat mencegah bangsa Yahudi dibantai secara menyeluruh di seluruh kerajaan Persia. I. Garis besar isi a. Est 1:1-22 Ahasyweros menurunkan kedudukan istrinya, Wasti, karena tidak mau hadir pada perjamuan besar yg diadakan raja. b. Est 2:1-18 Ester, adik sepupu Mordekhai, orang Ya hudi, terpilih mengganti Wasti. c. Est 2:19-23 Mordekhai memberitahukan kepada Ester mengenai persekongkolan untuk membunuh raja. d. Est 3:1-15 Mordekhai menolak sujud menghormati Haman, pembesar kesayangan raja. Karena itu Haman merencanakan untuk membantai semua Yahudi pada suatu tanggal tertentu. e. Est 4:1-17 Mordekhai membujuk Ester supaya mensyafaati bangsanya di hadapan raja. f. Est 5:1-14 Ester mengundang raja Ahasyweros dan Haman ke suatu perjamuan. g. 6:1-14 Raja memerintahkan Haman supaya menghormati Mordekhai di muka umum, sebagai upah karena sudah mengungkapkan persekongkolan terhadap raja itu. h. Est 7:1-10 Pada perjamuan kedua Ester mengungkapkan rencana Haman untuk membantai orang-orang Yahudi, dan Haman digantung di tiang gantungan yg ia persiapkan sendiri untuk menggantung Mordekhai. i. Est 8:1-17 Karena maklumat untuk membantai orang-orang Yahudi tak boleh dicabut, maka raja mengeluarkan maklumat kedua yg mengizinkan orang-orang Yahudi mempertahankan diri. j. Est 9:1-19 Orang Yahudi mengambil kesempatan untuk membunuh musuh-musuh mereka. k. Est 9:20-32 Kelepasan itu diperingati pada hari raya Purim. l. Est 10:1-3 Mordekhai diangkat menjadi penguasa. II. Penulis dan tarikh Kitab ini ditulis beberapa waktu kemudian sesudah kematian Ahasyweros (Est 1:1), jika Ahasyweros memang adalah Xerxes, jadi sesudah thn 465 sM. Ada orang Yahudi yg menganggap Mordekhai penulisnya, dan singgungan dalam 9:20,22 bisa mengarah ke situ. Mungkin banyak dari isinya disisipkan ke dalam catatan-catatan tahunan raja, seperti yg disebut dalam 10:2 dan barangkali 6:1, dan hal ini dapat menerangkan tidak terdapatnya nama Allah dalam kitab ini, walau singgungan mengenai puasa bagi Ester dalam 4:16 tentu menggenggam doa, dan ajaran tentang pemeliharaan ilahi diungkapkan dalam 4:14. Perlu diperhatikan bahwa Kitab Est terjemahan Yunani mengandung 107 ay tambahan, yg menggenggam singgungan mengenai Allah dan memakai nama-Nya. Ini terkumpul di dalam bagian Apokrifa dan biasanya diberi nomor ay seolah-olah ay-ay itu menyambung 10:3. Urutan bagian-bagian tambahan ini dalam bh Yunani adalah sbb: Est 9:2; 12:6; 1:1; 3:13; 13:1-7; 3:14; 4:17; 13:8; 15:16; 5:1; 8:12; 16:1-24; 8:13; 10:3; 10:4; 11:1. Tarikh yg diberikan dalam Est 11:1 (thn 114 sM) mungkin merupakan tarikh pembuatan terjemahan Yunani atau pembuatan versi yg diperluas. III. Keaslian Ester Walaupun beberapa ahli, seperti Pfeiffer, memandang kitab ini khayal belaka, namun ahli-ahli lainnya setuju dengan H. H Rowley, bahwa penulis kitab ini 'agaknya sudah membaca suatu sumber informasi yg tepat mengenai kejadian-kejadian di Persia, dan inti pati ceritanya bisa saja lebih tua dari kitab ini' (Growth of the Old Testament, hlm 155). Cerita Ester belum dikukuhkan oleh satu pun data sejarah Persia, dan sering dikatakan cerita ini tidak dapat dicocokkan dengan apa yg diketahui tentang sejarah kerajaan Persia. Ahasyweros biasanya dijabarkan dengan Xerxes (486-465 sM) walaupun beberapa ahli (mis J Hoschander dan A. T Olmstead) menjabarkan dia dengan Artaxerxes 11(404-359 sM). Jika dia memang Xerxes, maka jurang yg ganjil antara 'tahun ketiga' yg disebut dalam Est 1:3 dan 'tahun ketujuh' dalam 2:16 dapat dijawab; keterangannya ialah bahwa antara thn 483 dan 480 dia sedang merencanakan dan melaksanakan penyerbuan yg gagal total untuk menghancurkan Yunani. Nama istri Xerxes menurut Herodotus ialah Amestris, tapi data sejarah tidak melaporkan apakah dia mempunyai istri lebih dari satu atau tidak. Menurut Herodotus (3:84) raja Persia seharusnya mengambil istri dari salah satu ketujuh keluarga bangsawan (bnd Est 1:14), tapi aturan-aturan seperti ini pada umumnya gampang disingkirkan. Xerxes tidak menghadapi suatu halangan pun untuk mengambil perempuan mana pun yg diingininya. Ada yg mengatakan bahwa penulis kitab ini sama sekali salah pada 2:5-6, karena ia berkata bahwa Mordekhai diangkut dari Yerusalem sebagai seorang buangan, pada thn 597 sM. Andaikata demikian umurnya sudah lebih 120 thn. Tapi kita boleh menghubungkan 'yg' dalam ay 6 dengan moyang Mordekhai yaitu Kisy; Kisy-lah yg diangkut dari Yerusalem ke Babel, bukan Mordekhai sendiri. Ahli lain mengemukakan beberapa ihwal dalam Est yg menurut mereka adalah mustahil, tapi kebanyakannya melulu pendapat pribadi saja. Misalnya, ada yg berkata kita tidak boleh menerima bahwa Haman berusaha membantai semua orang Yahudi melulu gara-gara satu orang Yahudi menentang dia, dan bahwa raja Ahasyweros tidak akan mengizinkannya. Atau lagi, apakah Haman akan menentukan hari pembantaian begitu lama sebelumnya? Tapi orang yg mengeluarkan kecaman-kecaman demikian, menunjukkan bahwa mereka tidak mengerti watak manusia. Sudah berkali-kali pembantaian dan peperangan tersulut melalui rasa kebanggaan dari satu atau dua orang yg terluka. Para raja Persia juga mudah dipengaruhi oleh petugas-petugas kepercayaannya, dan dalam hal ini orang Yahudi digambarkan oleh Haman sebagai pengkhianat. Haman dilukiskan sebagai orang yg berilmu gaib tidak tanggung-tanggung, dan hari pembantaian itu ia pilih berdasarkan pembuangan undi yg menunjukkan bahwa hari itu akan menjadi hari keberuntungan (3:7). Tiang-tiang gantungan yg 50 hasta tingginya (7:9) bukan mustahil, tapi merupakan pertunjukan boros dari pihak satu yg kekuasaannya telah terganjal, sedang uang yg jumlahnya besar yg diajukan sebagai suap kepada raja dalam 3:9, pasti bukanlah tawaran yg sungguh-sungguh; dengan sopan santun gaya Timur Tengah, raja menjawab bahwa Haman boleh memegang uang itu bagi dirinya (3:11). Apa yg dimengerti oleh raja ialah, bahwa bagian terbesar dari harta milik orang Yahudi akan masuk ke dalam kas negara. Kedua pihak mengerti bahwa selama raja menerima bagian terbesar dari jarahan itu, maka raja akan menutup mata terhadap apa pun yg diambil Haman untuk dirinya sendiri. Kita dapat menyebut satu tafsiran Kitab Est yg ganjil, yaitu teori Zimmern dan Jensen, bahwa asal usul cerita Ester adalah suatu dongeng tentang dewa dewi Persia: Ester ialah dewa perempuan Isytar, Mordekhai ialah Marduk, Haman ialah Human dewa bangsa Elam, Wasti ialah Masyti dewa perempuan bangsa Elim. Melawan teori ini, sangat ganjil sekali jika orang Yahudi menggunakan cerita atau upacara ibadah politeis untuk menerangkan asal usul suatu hari raya Yahudi. Seandainya Purim mula-mula adalah upacara kafir, tapi kemudian suatu cerita yg sama sekali baru ditulis atas dasar itu, maka dalam hal ini tidak masuk akal bahwa nama-nama dewa dewi tetap dipertahankan. Masih boleh juga benar bahwa nama-nama para tokoh dalam Kitab Est mempunyai hubungan dengan nama-nama dewa dan dewi, karena ada contoh-contoh lain tentang orang Yahudi yg diberi nama tambahan, yg barangkali mengandung nama suatu dewa atau dewi (lih Dan 1:7; Ezr 1:8). Dikatakan dalam 2:7 bahwa Ester adalah nama kedua. Tambahan lagi, ada seorang Mordekhai lain yg disebut dalam Ezr 2:2. KEPUSTAKAAN. L. B Paton, Ester, ICC, 1908; J Hoschanser The Book of Esther in the Light of History, 1923; B. W Anderson, The Book of Esther, Introduction and Exegesis IB 3, 1951; J. S Wright, 'The Historicity of the Book of Esther', dalam New Perspectives on the Old Testament, red J. B Payne; C. A Moore, Esther, AB, 1971. JSW/MHS Ke atas Dalam Versi-Versi Alkitab: Kitab Ester: TB

Ester

Daftar Isi: HAAG: Ester ; TOKOH: Ester ; ENSIKLOPEDIA: ESTER ; BIOTOKOH PL: ESTER ; STATISTIK: ESTER ; LAIN: Dalam Versi-Versi Alkitab ; Ester Ester: bintang. Est 2:7. (Kamus Gering) Ke atas Ester [Kamus Haag] Ester. (I). (Bhs. Ibr.: Istar? [Dewi bangsa Babilon]). Ia juga dipanggil dengan nama Hadasa. Ia adalah anak puteri Abihail, kemenakan anak-pungut --> Mordekhai. ~E adalah pahlawan dari Kitab yang menggunakan namanya selaku judul. (II). KITAB ~E. (1) Isi kitab. Setelah raja Persia Ahasyweros (Sasta 485-465) mengusir permaisuri Wasti karena tidak taat padanya, maka raja memilih seorang puteri Yahudi ~E menjadi ratu puteri. Bapak angkat ~E yang bernama Mordekhai mengetahui adanya sebuah komplotan melawan raja. Mordekhai menolak untuk menghormati Haman, seorang pejabat tinggi raja. Dengan persetujuan raja, Haman bermaksud memusnahkan bangsa Yahudi. ~E mengaku dirinya seorang puteri Yahudi. Ia memperoleh kemurahan raja, agar bangsa Yahudi memperjuangkan hidup dan hari-depannya. Mereka lalu membalas para musuhnya di seluruh daerah kerajaan. Haman dihukum gantung dan Mordekhai menggantikan kedudukannya. Untuk memperingati peristiwa tersebut, bangsa Yahudi mengadakan --> Pesta Purim. (2) Sifat Kitab ~E. Naskah Kitab ~E yang berbahasa Ibr. termasuk golongan prosa seperti -- Megilot yang lain. Tulisan itu bermaksud memberikan landasan tentang pesta Purim. Pesta itu rupanya diambil-alih bangsa Yahudi dari - Diaspora di Persia. Barangkali pesta itu mengingatkan kembali penyelamatan para moyang Yahudi dari suatu penganiayaan di negeri Persia. Tambahan pula cerita itu menggunakan perenese kebijaksanaan dengan melukiskan tokoh-tokoh tertentu. Ajaran theologinya tetap terselubung. Kata "Tuhan" tidak muncul sama sekali. Meskipun demikian, penulis tetap yakin akan adanya penyelenggaraan Allah di dalam sejarah. Di dalam persamaan: musuh bangsa = musuh Allah terbukti akan adanya sikap nasional, yang sama seperti kejiwaan mereka yang hidup dalam perang suci di Isr. kuno. -- Boleh jadi kitab itu timbul pada waktu antara tahun 300 dan 80 sebelum Masehi. Pendapat tersebut dapat dilihat dari gaya bahasa umum yang ditemukan di dalam kitab ~E. Di samping itu dapat dilihat pula dari laporan 2Mak 15:36 yang memberikan kesaksian tentang hari peringatan Mordekhai pada tahun 50 sebelum Masehi. Pada zaman perang Makabe timbul kesadaran nasionalisme yang meluap-luap secara luar biasa. Hal semacam itu sebagian barangkali disebabkan oleh kitab ~E. Ke atas Ester [Kamus Tokoh] Ester Orang Yahudi, nama sebelumnya Hadasa; berasal dari Persia; saudara sepupu Mordekhai (Est 2:7). Diangkat menjadi ratu Ahasyweros (Est 2:8-18). Didorong oleh Mordekhai untuk menggagalkan rancangan Haman untuk memusnahkan orang-orang Yahudi (dalam Est 3:1-4:17). Membukakan rancangan Haman kepada Ahasyweros, sehingga Haman dihukum mati (dalam Est 7:1-10). Pemeliharaan orang-orang Yahudi (dalam Est 8:1-9:17). Mordekhai diangkat (Est 8:15; 9:4,10). Penetapan Hari Raya Purim (Est 9:18-32). Ke atas ESTER [Ensiklopedia] Menurut Est 2:7 nama Yahudi dari Ester ialah Hadasa ('pohon murad'). Nama Ester barangkali adalah padanan dari kata Persia stara ('bintang') walau ada yg menghubungkannya dengan Isytar, dewa perempuan Babel. Ester menikah dengan Ahasyweros atau Xerxes (486-465 sM). Menurut Herodotus istri Ahasyweros ialah Amestris. Tak ada alasan untuk menjabarkan Amestris dengan Ester. Ester mungkin menjadi istri kedua, kesayangan untuk beberapa waktu. Mungkin inilah yg tergenggam dalam kata-kata penutup Est 4:11, walaupun 2:17 nampaknya mengisyaratkan kedudukan yg lebih tinggi dari itu. Atau mungkin Amestris menggantikan Ester sebagai istri raja sesudah Ester mati. Singgungan pertama dalam Herodotus (7.14) adalah mengenai usia tua Amestris, dan tidak ada tanggalnya. Yg kedua (9.108-109) yg tanggalnya ditentukan Herodotus tidak lama sesudah penyerangan Persia ke Yunani, bisa mengenai tanggal yg lebih kemudian. Ester memang perempuan berani, yg mempertaruhkan jiwanya demi keselamatan orang Yahudi (4:11-17). Tindakannya yg mendorong orang Yahudi untuk membantai musuh mereka (ps 9) dicatat tapi tidak dipuji dalam Alkitab. Dalam hal ini Ester mengikuti kebiasaan zamannya. Menurut catatan Amestris juga bertindak bengis. JSW/MHS Ke atas ESTER [Biotokoh Pl] Arti nama : PLANET VENUS, BINTANG YANG BERCAHAYA Ayah :  Abihail - Ester 2:15 Suami :  Ahasweros - Ester 2:17 Disebut pertama :  Ester 2:7 Namanya disebut :  55 kali Kitab yang menyebut :  1 buku : Ester Pekerjaan :  Permaisuri/Ratu Medi-persi (Ester 1:1-3, 2:17) Tempat kelahiran :  Susan Terakhir disebut :  Ester 9:32 Fakta penting :  IA MENYELAMATKAN BANGSANYA DARI PENCOBAAN PEMBUNUHAN MASAL (ESTER 7:3-6; 8:3-8). Ke atas Ester [Statistik] Jumlah dalam TB : 56 dalam 44 ayat (dalam OT : 56 dalam 44 ayat) Strong dalam PL : [<0635> אסתר ‎54x] Ke atas Dalam Versi-Versi Alkitab: Ester: BIS TB

Hari Raya Purim

Daftar Isi: HAAG: Purim ; KECIL: Purim ; PEDOMAN: Raya, Perayaan Purim Atau Undi ; BROWNING: PURIM ; ENSIKLOPEDIA: PURIM ; LAIN: Dalam Versi-Versi Alkitab ; Hari Raya Purim Pur: undi. Ester 3:7 (Kamus Gering) Purim: undi-undi. Ester 9:26 (Kamus Gering) Ke atas Purim [Kamus Haag] Purim. (Dari bhs. Akkad: undi). Sebuah pesta Yahudi yang dirayakan pada tanggal 14 dan 15 Adar. Pesta itu mengadakan peringatan atas pembebasan bangsa Yahudi oleh Mordekhai dan Ester di bawah raja Persia Ahasyweros (485-465). (Pesta ~P menurut 2Mak 15:36 disebut sebagai hari Mordekhai; --> Ester). Cerita pembebasan itu semula tidak ada hubungannya dengan nama pesta atau tanggalannya. Barangkali orang-orang Yahudi dari diaspora di daerah timur ikut merayakan sebuah pesta Persia di musim semi dalam bulan Adar. Di kemudian hari pesta itu di "Yahudi"kan dan diberi arti baru pada namanya (: sebetulnya berarti "yang pertama"; bdk. Primavera). Pesta ~P adalah sebuah pesta yang penuh kegembiraan dan disertai perjamuan-perjamuan serta pemberian hadiah kepada para sahabat maupun kepada para fakir miskin (Est 9:19,22). Sumber-sumber yang lebih muda bahkan memberitakan tentang kebiasaan pesta dengan topeng-topeng dan semacam karnaval. Di dalam sinagoga dibacakan Kitab Ester pada perayaan itu. Ke atas Purim [Kamus Kecil] BIS- Perayaan keagamaan Yahudi yang diselenggarakan pada tanggal 14 bulan Adar (kira-kira 1 Maret) untuk menperingati pembebasan orang Yahudi dari Haman. Cerita itu ada dalam Buku Ester. Ke atas Raya, Perayaan Purim Atau Undi [Kamus Pedoman] 1. Diadakan oleh Mordekhai. Est 9:20 2. Untuk merayakan kekalahan niat jahat Haman. Est 3:7-15; 9:24-26 3. Mulai pada hari keempat belas dari bulan kedua belas. Est 9:17 4. Selama dua hari. Est 9:21 5. Cara merayakan - . Est 9:17-19,22 6. Ditanggungkan ke atas orang Yahudi sendiri. Est 9:27,28 7. Disahkan dengan kekuasaan raja. Est 9:29-32 Ke atas PURIM [Kamus Browning] Suatu pesta keramaian Yahudi. Menurut Est. 3:6, semua orang Yahudi man dimusnahkan pada suatu pembantaian manusia besar-besaran. Tanggalnya harus ditentukan dengan undi (purim dalam bahasa Ibrani). Tetapi, sebelum hal itu terlaksana, Ratu --> Ester seorang perempuan Yahudi, berhasil menggagalkan rencana-rencana dari kepala perwakilan, Haman, yang anti-semitik itu. Purim diperingati pada suatu hari libur tahunan. Ke atas PURIM [Ensiklopedia] Pesta Yahudi yg dirayakan pada hari 13-15 bulan Adar. Pada perayaan ini Kitab Est dibaca, dan biasanya jemaat sinagoge berteriak jika nama Haman disebut. Kitab Est menceritakan asal mula Purim. Pada zaman pemerintahan Ahasyweros, barangkali Xerxes (485-465 sM) tapi mungkin juga Artaxerxes II (404-359 sM), Haman, perdana menteri, memutuskan untuk membunuh orang Yahudi secara massal. Karena Haman mempercayai takhayul, maka ia membuang undi untuk mendapatkan hari yg baik. Kata pur dalam Est 3:7; 9:24, 26 yg dikatakan berarti 'undi' bukanlah kata Ibrani, tapi hampir pasti kata Asyur, puru, yg artinya kerikil, atau batu kecil, yg nampaknya dipakai untuk mengundi. Acuan paling dini pada Purim di luar PB ialah 2 Makabe 15:36. Di situ keputusan dibuat pada thn 161 sM untuk merayakan tiap tahun penaklukan Nikanor oleh Yudas Makabe, pada 'hari ketiga belas dari bulan kedua belas, yg dalam bh Aram disebut Adar -- hari sebelum hari Mordekhai'. Jika 2 Makabe diberi penanggalan pada salah satu waktu dari pertengahan abad pertama sM, itu akan berarti bahwa menjelang thn 50 sM Purim dirayakan pada tgl 14 Adar. Bagian yg sejajar, 1 Makabe 7:49, berbicara tentang penetapan apa yg kemudian disebut Hari Nikanor, tgl 13 Adar, tapi tidak menunjuk kepada Purim tgl 14. Tak ada kesimpulan yg dapat ditarik dari kesepian berita ini. Yosefus, pada akhir abad pertama M, berkata bahwa Hari Nikanor dirayakan pada 13 Adar (Ant. 12. 412) dan Purim pada tgl 14 dan 15 Adar (Ant. 11. 295). Cukup aneh bahwa Yosefus tidak memakai istilah Purim, tapi berkata bahwa orang Yahudi menyebut kedua hari itu foureas (bacaan yg lain ialah frouraias, froureous, frouraios). Kata Yunani ini agaknya didasarkan atas kata froureo yg artinya 'penjagaan', 'perlindungan'. Hari Nikanor tidak dirayakan setelah abad 7 M, tapi 13 Adar pada akhirnya menjadi bagian Purim. Lain dari 14 dan 15 Adar sebagai hari raya yg penuh gairah hidup, ialah 13 Adar sebagai hari puasa. Pendapat bahwa perayaan Purim diperoleh orang Yahudi dari dongeng tentang perselisihan dewa-dewa Babel atau Persia, tidaklah masuk akal. Mustahil Yahudi memakai legenda kafir menjadi hari besar nasional mereka (lih J. C Rylaarsdam, IB, 3, hlm 968 dst). KEPUSTAKAAN. J. H Greenstone, Jewish Feasts and Fasts, 1946; B. M Edidin, Jewish Holidays and Festivals, 1940. JSW/HH Ke atas Dalam Versi-Versi Alkitab: Purim: BIS TB

Sunday, February 3, 2019

Anak Domba YHVH

Orang-orang tidak masuk neraka karena dosa-dosa mereka lagi,, tapi sesungguhnya  karena penolakan terhadap penebusan dosa mereka, yaitu "YESHUA HAMASIAKH !!

Keselamatan hanya bisa di'Peroleh! dengan menerima dan percaya akan darah penebusan Anak Domba YAHWEH Elohim (SEH HA ELOHIM),..

📜Yesaya 52:3 
"🔥..Sebab beginilah YAHWEH berfirman, “Kamu telah dijual dengan sia-sia, tetapi kamu di'TEBUS bukan dengan perak..”

📜Ibrani 10:4
"🔥..Sebab, MUSTAHIL darah lembu jantan dan kambing jantan MENGHAPUSKAN dosa-dosa,.."

📜Yohanes 3:17
"🔥..Sebab Elohim mengutus Putra-Nya ke dunia tidak untuk menghakimi dunia, sebaliknya supaya dunia dapat di'SELAMATKAN oleh-Nya,.."

📜Yohanes 10:9
"🔥..Akulah PINTU.. Jika seseorang MASUK melalui Aku, ia akan di'SELAMATKAN,.."

Tuhan YESHUA sendiri mengingatkan kepada Kita!,.. agar selalu “Waspada!! dan berjaga-jaga dari ragi orang-orang Farisi dan Saduki!,,..” ☝️☝️

Celakalah bagimu,.. hai para ahli kitab dan orang-orang Farisi,..
hai orang-orang munafik,,,
karena kamu sedang menutup kerajaan surga di hadapan orang-orang!!
Sebab, kamu sendiri tidak masuk,.. bahkan mereka yang sedang masuk, kamu tidak membiarkan untuk masuk,..

KING OF KINGS COMMUNITY IN JERUSALEM "Replacement Theology"

http://www.kkcj.org/teaching/article/replacement-theology

About Connect Media Ministries Give Our weekly service ended 7 hours ago.  Watch the archived video. × HOMETEACHINGARTICLES REPLACEMENT THEOLOGY - FACT OR FICTION? A widely distributed Christian magazine published an article concerning Israel a number of years ago. The following are quotes from that article: “It is a mistake for Christians to exalt Israelis to the position of being ‘God’s chosen people.’” “The progressive revelation of Scripture makes it clear that, today, God has only one people, and it is the church.” “We must not apply Old Testament prophecies to the State of Israel when Jesus, Peter and Paul have radically redirected our thinking concerning the covenants of promise. They are now directly to the Church.” “The Israeli claim to Palestine as a Jewish State by divine right is incorrect, and their continued enforcement of this claim by military oppression is unjust.” These statements are typical of what is taught in “replacement theology.” Replacement theology teaches, “The Church is Israel”. How is this substitution possible? Covenant theologians claim that because the nation of Israel did not accept Jesus as Messiah, she has been cast off and has forfeited her pre-eminent position in the purposes of God. The Church has become the rightful heir to the blessings once promised to Israel. From God’s perspective the Jewish people today are no more significant than any other racial group, whether it be Italian, Indian or Chinese. Unless the Jews repent, come to faith in Jesus and join the Church, they have no future. The term “replacement theology” isn’t found in most theological textbooks, although the idea that “the Church is Israel” is a foundation stone in what is commonly known as “covenant theology”. This teaching has dominated the history of Christian theology as well as the present day. Replacement theology isn’t new; it can be traced as far back as the 3rd century. How did it enter Christian thought and come to dominate a significant portion of Church teaching? We will explore this in the following points: First, replacement theology is the natural by-product of allegorization, a of method scriptural interpretation employed by the Church for much of its history. Second, replacement theology appears backed by history. Third, replacement theology appears logical and consistent with God’s character of justice. Replacement theology teaches that “the Church is Israel” How is this belief able to receive acceptance? Easily, if the scriptures are studied according to the method of interpretation known as allegorization. What do I mean by allegorization? A person who “allegorizes” a passage of scripture is less concerned with what the words mean literally, than he is concerned with what is the hidden meaning behind those words. To allegorize is to interpret a scripture analyzing every detail as symbolic of underlying, deeper “spiritual” meanings. For a historic example of an allegorical interpretation of a Bible passage, let’s look at Matthew 21, Yeshua’s triumphal entry from the Mount of Olives to Jerusalem upon a donkey and a colt. At the beginning of the 3rd century, one of the most famous Church fathers, Origen, looked at this passage of scripture and came up with an interesting interpretation. Origen taught that the donkey in the story symbolized the harshness of the Old Testament, while the colt or foal of a donkey (a more gentle animal) was symbolic of the New Testament. In addition to this interpretation, he added that the two apostles who brought the animals to Yeshua symbolized the moral senses of humanity. As questionable as this method of interpretation may be considered today, by the 3rd century, allegorization of the Scriptures was a dominant method of interpretation by Christian teachers. This method prevailed throughout the Middle Ages. If through allegorization one can determine that a donkey is the Old Testament, then it is possible to come to the conclusion that the “Church is Israel”. The allegorical method suspends literal interpretation of the Bible, allowing the theologian to make the Bible say nearly anything he wants it to say. Eventually the allegorical method of interpretation was shown for what it is – dangerous and deceptive. By the 16th century, Martin Luther and other Protestant reformers began to question the validity of allegorization. They argued that the general rule is to interpret the Bible according to its literal meaning, with few exceptions. Literal interpretation of scripture requires that rules of grammar, speech, syntax and context are followed, to regard historical accounts and prophecies as literal even if expressed in poetic or figurative language. How can we be sure that interpreting the Bible literally is the best method? One argument is that hundreds of Bible prophecies have already been fulfilled literally, even to minute detail. Consider a few predictions regarding the Messiah: Isaiah 7:14 predicted the Messiah would be born of a virgin. Micah 5:2 predicted that He would be born in Bethlehem. Psalm 22:7-8 and Isaiah 53:1 predicted He would face the ridicule and unbelief of the people. Psalm 22:16-18 predicted that His hands and feet would be pierced and that His clothing would be divided and lots cast for them. Isaiah 53:9-10 predicted He would be put to death with wicked men yet buried with the rich, and that He would prolong His days (resurrection) afterward. If prophecies in the Old Testament concerning Yeshua were fulfilled literally, shouldn’t the logical expectation be that Bible prophecy concerning Israel and the Jewish people will also be literally fulfilled? Those who teach replacement theology stubbornly insist that prophecy concerning Israel is fulfilled “symbolically” and “spiritually” by the Church. The result is the annulment of all prophetic scripture that pertains to Israel. A pertinent question arises, “Has the Church in her history ever been scattered and exiled among the nations as the prophets foretold?” Did the prophet Ezekiel really have the Church in mind when he stated “... they will live in their own land, which I gave to My servant Jacob.”?Ezekiel 28:25 The conclusion that “the Church is Israel” is to interpret scripture allegorically, not literally. In answer to the first question, “How did replacement theology ever come to dominate the teaching of the Church?” – it is the natural outcome of allegorization. The reader may ask, “If, since the Protestant Reformation, allegorization is no longer regarded as a valid method of interpretation of scripture, and evangelical scholars follow the Bible more literally, why hasn’t replacement theology been permanently rejected?” It is true that while many in these circles have rejected replacement theology, the belief continues to persist. How is this possible? Church doctrines that have originated with some of her most respected past theologians and leaders, and which have been accepted beliefs over many centuries, rarely disappear overnight. Replacement Theology is not merely the by-product of allegorization. This view was able to dominate the teaching of the Church for a second principal reason: replacement theology seems to be backed up by history. I will explain. A fundamental assumption of replacement theology is that because Israel rejected Jesus as Messiah, God has cast off the Jewish people as a chosen nation. Consequently, in judgment, God has dispersed the Jews into the nations. The land of Canaan, promised to Abraham and his seed has been forfeited and the Jews no longer have a legal claim to it. When we look at what has happened to the Jews since the first century, replacement theology would certainly appear to have history on its side – at least until recently. On the surface the evidence is substantial. Within a generation of the crucifixion of Yeshua, the Roman army ransacked the city of Jerusalem, totally destroyed the temple and with it the sacrificial system of worship. They uprooted the Jews from the land and carried them off to various parts of the empire. To the early Church Fathers, these events were convincing proofs that God was finished with Israel and that the Church had assumed Israel’s former role in the purposes of God. The suffering of the Jewish people did not end with the cruelty of the Roman legions. Jewish history since that time has been filled with tragedy. For replacement theologians, this tragic history only confirms their belief that God is finished with Israel. This is really a circular argument. The horrible suffering of the Jews has been a direct result of replacement theology, rather than a cause. If replacement theology had never been taught in the Church, the atrocities inflicted upon the Jewish people in the last 2,000 years would never have happened. To demonstrate, let’s look at just a few examples from Jewish history: In the wake of the Church’s greatest acceptance in the 4th century with Emperor Constantine’s declaration of Christianity as a legal and accepted religion, the most prominent leaders turned to express the worst prejudice and contempt toward the Jew. Justifying their anti-semitism, Christian theologians began to teach that the Jews held sole responsibility for the death of Christ. The Jews were declared “guilty” of the crime of “deicide” – the murder of God. Christians came to believe that a way of showing their loyalty to Jesus was to express their hatred toward the Lord’s “murderers”. The most famous of early church theologians, Augustine (354-407) declared Jewish existence an act of Providence – a divine demonstration of the truth of Christianity – their humiliation a triumph of Church over synagogue. John Chrysostrom (354-407), the Greek theologian and archbishop of Constantinople, whose liturgy and prayers are still read today in the Orthodox Church, preached eight scathing sermons to the Church in Antioch. He states in Sermon VII:11: ‘I hate the Jews’ he exclaims roundly, ‘for they have the Law and they insult it’. Other excerpts from these sermons declare Jews “... murderers, destroyers, men possessed by the devil … They know only one thing, to satisfy their gullets, to get drunk, to kill and maim one another … ” And to think he was canonized a saint! Chrysostrom and other Church theologians would have a deep and powerful influence upon the attitudes of Christians for hundreds of years to come. Six centuries later this kind of preaching bore the fruit of an ever-mounting psychological hatred. The Crusaders are often remembered in Christendom for their chivalry, faith and zeal. In reality, many of the Crusaders were cruel men who hated Jews with a passion. According to historian Paul Johnson2, the Crusades started an “assembling of a mass of armed men … produced a breakdown in normal order”. Crusaders borrowed money from Jews with working capital in their own neighborhoods, “but once on the march they readily turned on the Jews of other cities. Then Christian townspeople, caught up in the frenzy and lust for loot, would sometimes join in.” Innumerable atrocities were committed against Jews by the Crusaders. From Rouen in France, through Germany, the Balkans to and including Jerusalem, Crusader mobs burned Jews alive in their houses and temples, and forced conversions. In Prague alone they murdered several thousand Jews [Poliakov I, 42-45]. The cry “Hep! Hep!”, an abbreviation of the Latin phrase: Hierosalyma est perdita, “Jerusalem is lost” originated with the Crusaders as they pillaged, and continued as a pogrom chant into the 20th century. In 1000 AD, when the Crusaders first arrived in the Holy Land, there were 300,000 Jewish residents. When the Crusaders left the scene 200 years later only 1,000 Jewish families remained. A shocking discovery of Church history is that anti-semitism was not confined merely to the Roman Church, which had lost touch with Biblical Christianity. Anti-semitism is also in the writings of Protestant Reformers – men who had supposedly cleansed the Roman Church of its corruption and theological error. Initially, the reformer Martin Luther was sympathetic to the Jews and believed that they would be converted by the truth of his message of justification by faith. When they didn’t convert, he became deeply embittered against the Jewish people. In consequence, Luther became as severe as the Roman Church in his contempt. Luther advocated the expulsion of Jews from Germany as well as the destruction of their synagogues and religious books. In his pamphletOn the Jews and Their Lies, published in Wittenberg, 1543, he wrote3: “First their synagogues should be set on fire and whatever is left be buried in the dirt so that no one may be able to see a stone or cinder from it … Jewish prayer books should be destroyed … then the Jewish people should be dealt with, their homes smashed and destroyed. Jews should be banned from the roads and markets, should be drafted into forced labor and made to earn their bread ‘by the sweat of their noses’...” “They live by evil and plunder; they are wicked beasts that ought to be driven out like mad dogs.” “In the last resort they should be kicked out ‘for all time4’. Logically, when the Nazis came to power in Germany, they used the writings of Luther and other theologians to justify their anti-semitism. The infamous Nazi death camp, Dachau, greeted Jews arriving there with a sign that read, “You are here because you killed our God”. The question asked by those who defend replacement theology is this, “Considering the suffering the Jews have experienced over the centuries, doesn’t this indicate that God has rejected them?” But this argument inverts the reality that replacement theology was actually more of a cause of this tragic history than an effect. It is this writer’s contention that the history of the Jewish people provides a stronger argument against replacement theology than for replacement theology. As horrible as the history of the Jews has been, I believe it is a sign of God’s absolute faithfulness, rather than a sign of His rejection. The continued existence of the Jewish race in spite of numerous persecutions and threats and attempts at genocide throughout Jewish history is evidence of Divine intervention. Despite being stripped of their homeland, scattered to the four corners of the earth; despite repeated attempts at forced conversions and their own attempts of assimilation, the Jews have survived as a distinct nation. No other ethnic group in the history of mankind has been dispersed, faced such odds and yet endured. What explains this apparent invincibility? The God of Israel. In the words of Malachi: “I the Lord do not change. So you, O sons of Jacob, are not consumed.” Malachi 3:6 The fact that the Jews have not disappeared despite numerous attempts to annihilate them is one of the strongest arguments against replacement theology. Another fact of Jewish history that exposes the flaws of replacement theology is found in the last century; the return of the dispersed Jewish nation to their historic homeland, and the establishment of the State of Israel. If God has cast off the Jews and no longer has any interest in Israel’s continued existence how could the Jewish people have arisen from the ashes of the holocaust to establish a sovereign state on the very same piece of real estate they lost 2000 years ago. Is this an accident? Absolutely not. It is a miracle of the first order, and a fulfillment of biblical prophecy. The following are a few examples of many fulfilled prophecies literally fulfilled: “When the LORD will have compassion on Jacob, and again choose Israel, and settle them in their own land, then strangers will join them and attach themselves to the house of Jacob.” Isaiah 14:1 “Therefore behold, days are coming,” declares the Lord, “when it will no longer be said, “As the Lord lives, who brought up the sons of Israel out of the land of Egypt,” but, “As the Lord lives, who brought up the sons of Israel from the land of the North and from all the countries where He banished them.” For I will restore them to their own land which I gave to their fathers.” Jeremiah 16:14-15 Until the return of the Jews to the land and the establishment of the State of Israel, replacement theology appeared to have history on its side. This dramatic new chapter in Israel’s history is still unfolding and renders the argument of history null and void. We’ve seen that the history of the Jews, rather than proving that God has cast them off, actually proves the opposite – that God still holds His chosen people in the palm of His hand. He has preserved her as a nation in spite of every imaginable threat to her existence. Why hasn’t replacement theology died once and for all? How can it be that in recent years replacement theology seems to actually gain an even wider following? The answer: Replacement theology appears to be logical and consistent with God’s character. Replacement theology asks a logical question: “How could a just God contradict His nature by bringing the Jews back to their land?” After their banishment into exile the vast majority still haven’t changed their “stiff-necked” ways and accepted Jesus as Messiah. In addition, agnostic, even atheistic, secular Zionists, not the redeemed of the Lord, established the State of Israel. A popular view of modern Israel sees the state as cheating Palestinians of their property and denying their rights – how could God be a party to such injustice?” It appears logical to conclude that a just God could not bring the Jews back to the land and re-establish a political state under these circumstances and remain true to His justice. I admit, as sympathetic to the Jewish people as I am, one would have to be blind to not recognize that the Jewish Nation is far from perfect. I do not condone every policy of the Israeli government, nor every action of the Israeli Defense Forces. Yet, we must not forget one important fact: while God is a God of justice, He is also a God of mercy. Paul answers those who asked similar questions concerning Israel’s election, a matter that seemed to defy God’s justice. InRomans he asks: “What shall we say then? There is no injustice with God, is there? May it never be! For He says to Moses, “I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.” Romans 9:14-15 A question I would like to ask every Christian who believes in replacement theology: “Did God save you and restore you because you deserved it – because you earned it?” We need to be reminded ofEphesians 2:8 which says, “For by grace you have been saved, through faith – and that not of yourselves, it is the gift of God.” If the Lord saved only “good people” none of us would be saved. Likewise, if Israel does not deserve to be restored to her ancient homeland, then neither do we deserve to inherit the kingdom of heaven. God has chosen Israel in spite of Israel, just as He has chosen me in spite of me, and chosen you in spite of you. The Jewish people are the “apple of His eye” (Zech 2:8). They are uniquely called. InRomans 11:28-31 Paul addresses those in the church of his day that believed God was finished with Israel. Speaking of those still unredeemed, Paul says: “From the standpoint of the gospel they are enemies for your sake, but from the standpoint of God’s choice they are beloved for the sake of the fathers; for the gifts and the calling of God are irrevocable. For just as you once were disobedient to God, but now have been shown mercy because of their disobedience, so these also now have been disobedient, in order that because of the mercy shown to you they also may now be shown mercy.” Romans 11:28-31 God is just – He must punish the unrighteous. But the Bible tells me that justice has already been meted out. God Himself provided the atoning sacrifice to take the punishment that each of us deserves, Jew or Gentile. Paul says inRomans 5:8, “While we were yet sinners, Messiah died for us,” not after we’ve gotten our act together or after we’ve started living a righteous and holy life. No, God, in His grace and mercy, and as a result of His sovereign election, took the initiative and saved us in spite of ourselves. Halleluiah! Why should we imagine that God would treat His chosen people Israel any differently then He treats you and me? We should be praying on behalf of Israel to our Righteous Judge, with the prophet Habakkuk: “O Lord, revive Thy work in the midst of the years, in the midst of the years make it known; in wrath remember mercy.” Hab 3:2 The implications of replacement theology are frightening. If God has changed His mind concerning His promises to Israel, then how can we be sure He hasn’t changed his mind concerning His promises to us? Praise God, He is the same yesterday, today and forever. God never changes; His gifts and callings are irrevocable. The following passage fromJeremiah 33:25-26 should be sufficient to demonstrate replacement theology as fiction, not fact: Thus says the LORD, “If My covenant for day and night stand not, and the fixed patterns of heaven and earth I have not established, then I would reject the descendants of Jacob and David My servant, not taking from his descendants rulers over the descendants of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. But I will restore their fortunes and I will have mercy on them.” Jeremiah 33:25-26 We still have day and night and the “fixed patterns” of heaven and earth. Therefore, God has not replaced His covenant people; He is restoring Israel in faithfulness to His eternal covenant with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. Fellow Christian, as we observe the enduring existence of Israel we have reason to rejoice. Just as God continues to be faithful to His covenant people Israel, He will also be faithful to those who are grafted into Israel by faith in Israel’s Messiah, Yeshua. Amen! 1 James Parkes, The Conflict of Church and Synagogue: A Study in the Origins of Anti-Semitism (New York: JPS, 1934) 2 Paul Johnson, A History of the Jews (New York, Harper & Rowe, 1988) p.207-208 3 Cf. W. Linden (ed), Luther’s Kampfschriften gegen das Judentum (Berlin, 1936) 4 Paul Johnson, A History of the Jews, (New York, Harper & Rowe 1988) p.241 16 years ago By Wayne Hilsden Yeshua Israel God Jerusalem Faith Bible Messiah Covenant Prophecy Teaching Gospel Lord Abraham Responsibility Prophetic Revelation Blessings Mercy Law Theology Comments Previous Up Next Home About Us Ministries Events Sermons Volunteer Teaching Give Replacement Theology - Fact or Fiction? by Wayne Hilsden As we observe the enduring existence of Israel we have reason to rejoice. Just as God continues to be faithful to His covenant people Israel, He will also be faithful to those who are grafted into Israel by faith in Israel’s Messiah, Yeshua.

Get Directions

Contact Us

Israel Tel:(+972) 2-625-1899 Fax:(+972) 2-625-1896 Address: King of Kings P.O. Box 427 Jerusalem, 91003 ISRAEL E-mail:kkcj@kkcj.org

USA Tel:(+1) 530-344-7424 Address: King of Kings Ministries P.O. Box 2132 Rancho Cordova CA. 95741
USA

Facebook Twitter Instagram YouTube © 2019 King of Kings Community Jerusalem