Saturday, January 26, 2019

Parasha in Bereshit 2019

Livro Semana Parashá Porção bíblica
Bereshit
(Gênesis) 1 Bere’shit, בראשית Gn 1:1 - 6:8
2 Noach, נח Gn 6:9 - 11:32
3 Lech Lecha, לך לך Gn 12:1 - 17:27
4 Vayeira, וירא Gn 18:1 - 22:24
5 Chayei Sarah, חיי שרה Gn 23:1 - 25:18
6 Toledot, תולדות Gn 25:19 - 28:9
7 Vayetze, ויצא Gn 28:10 - 32:3
8 Vayishlach, וישלח Gn 32:4 - 36:43
9 Vayeshev, וישב Gn 37:1 - 40:23
10 Miketz, מקץ Gn 41:1 - 44:17
11 Vayigash, ויגש Gn 44:18 - 47:27
12 Vayechi, ויחי Gn 47:28 - 50:26
Shemot
(Êxodo) 13 Shemot, שמות Ex 1:1 - 6:1
14 Va’eira, וארא Ex 6:2 - 9:35
15 Bo, בא Ex 10:1 - 13:16
16 Beshalach, בשלח Ex 13:17 - 17:16
17 Yitro, יתרו Ex 18:1 - 20:23
18 Mishpatim, משפטים Ex 21:1 - 24:18
19 Terumah, תרומה Ex 25:1 - 27:19
20 Tetzaveh, תצווה Ex 27:20 - 30:10
21 Ki Tisa’, כי תשא Ex 30:11 - 34:35
22 Vayakhel, ויקהל Ex 35:1 - 38:20
23 Pekudey, פקודי Ex 38:21 - 40:38
Vayikrá
(Levítico) 24 Vayikra’, ויקרא Lv 1:1 - 5:26
25 Tzav, צו Lv 6:1 - 8:36
26 Shemini, שמיני Lv 9:1 - 11:47
27 Tazria, תזריע Lv 12:1 - 13:59
28 Metzora, מצורע Lv 14:1 - 15:33
29 Acharei, אחרי מות Lv 16:1 - 18:30
30 Kedoshim, קדושים Lv 19:1 - 20:27
31 Emor, אמור Lv 21:1 - 24:23
32 Behar, בהר Lv 25:1 - 26:2
33 Bechukotai, בחוקותי Lv 26:3 - 27:34
Bamidbar
(Números) 34 Bamidbar, במדבר Nm 1:1 - 4:20
35 Naso, נשא Nm 4:21 - 7:89
36 Behaalotecha, בהעלותך Nm 8:1 - 12:16
37 Shlach, שלח לך Nm 13:1 - 15:41
38 Korach, קרח Nm 16:1 - 18:32
39 Chukat, חקת Nm 19:1 - 22:1
40 Balak, בלק Nm 22:2 - 25:9
41 Pinchas, פנחס Nm 25:10 - 30:1
42 Matot, מטות Nm 30:2 - 32:42
43 Masei, מסעי Nm 33:1 - 36:13
Devarim
(Deuteronômio) 44 Devarim, דברים Dt 1:1 - 3:22
45 Va’etchanan, ואתחנן Dt 3:23 - 7:11
46 ‘Ekev, עקב Dt 7:12 - 11:25
47 Re’eh, ראה Dt 11:26 - 16:17
48 Shoftim, שופטים Dt 16:18 - 21:9
49 Ki Tetze’, כי תצא Dt 21:10 - 25:19
50 Ki Tavo’, כי תבוא Dt 26:1 - 29:8
51 Nitzavim, ניצבים Dt 29:9 - 30:20
52 Vayelech, וילך Dt 31:1 - 31:30
53 Ha’azinu, האזינו Dt 32:1 - 32:52
54 VeZo’t HaBrachah, וזאת הברכה Dt 33:1 - 34:12

Acts 20

HAVDALAH IN ACTS 20

On Saturday evening many Jewish homes perform a ceremony known as "Havdalah." The word Havdalah means "separation" or "division." During the ceremony a special candle will be lit and blessings are said. The purpose of Havdalah is to close the Sabbath for the purpose of separating it from the rest of the week. It is believed that a form of Havdalah was first instituted around the fourth century BC by the Men of the Great Assembly.

It is very likely that the events of Acts 21:7-11 took place on a Saturday night as the disciples were gathering together for fellowship for the close of the Sabbath. Below are three reasons from the Biblical text that point to this being a Havdalah like, Saturday night, gathering.

1. Acts 20:7 says that they gathered on the first day of the week.

"Now on the first day of the week, when the disciples came together to break bread, Paul ready to depart the next day, spoke to them and continued his message until midnight."

Although this could mean a Sunday morning or afternoon, a Biblical day starts in the evening (Gen.1:5,8,13,19,23,31), meaning that the first day of the week starts on Saturday night according to God's calendar. It is also important to note that the word "day" was added and is not in the original text. The verse actually reads "they gathered on the first of the week."

2. Acts 20:8 says that there were many lights in the room.

"There were many lamps in the upper room where they were gathered together."

This would seem to indicate that they were meeting at night. It would make no sense to tell us there were lights in the room if they were meeting in the middle of the day.

3. Acts 20:7-9 tells us that a man fell asleep at midnight. If this was a Sunday morning gathering, this would mean that Paul preached for at least 12 hours. Highly unlikely!

Beloved ones, there is no such thing as a wrong day to worship God. The early Church met every day of the week (Acts 2:46) -- including Sunday. However, this passage does not teach that God changed the Sabbath from the seventh day to the first day. The events of Acts 20:7-11 were extremely likely to have occurred during a Saturday night gathering known today as Havdalah. Even if this was a Sunday morning, the text just says they were gathered together on that day, it never says that they considered it the new Sabbath. - by Shon Cunningham

Friday, January 25, 2019

Yitro

Boker tov
Petang yang ku nanti nantikan akan segera kita masuki....yaitu "EREV SHABBAT" 19 Shevat (25 Jan)...

Light candles at 5:39 p.m
Shabbat ends at 6:34 p.m (to morrow evening)

Parshat Shabbat "Yitro"
Torah "Keluaran" (Shemot 18:1-20:23)

Haftarah  " Yesaya 6:1-7:6

Yitro/Rehuel..adalah orang yang sama..dia imam di Midian dan nabi dari agama Druze
Dalam.bahasa Arab Yitro disebut Syuaib....

Silahkan ikuti Parshat Yitro dalam Avodah Shabbat besok di kehilat masing masing sesuai porsi yang disediakan para pelayan

Barukh Hashem

Nduga

  Main Briefs OpEds Judaism Inside Israel Defense/Security Middle East Jewish World US & Canada Europe עברית   MainAll NewsForeign AffairsThousands displaced by Indonesia bombing, suspected chem weapons West Papua: Thousands displaced by Indonesia bombing, suspected chem weapons Humanitarian crisis in West Papua as thousands displaced escaping bombing and suspected chemical weapons use by Indonesian military. Mordechai Sones, 24/01/19 21:10 Indonesian soldiers carry rifles as they walk towards helicopter to fly to NdugaReuters The Indonesian military has since December, 2018 precipitated a humanitarian crisis in West Papua according to local reports. Over the past month, thousands of indigenous West Papuans have been displaced, fleeing air strikes and hiding in the highland jungle without food and water or access to health-care or shelter. According to local reports a mother and child have died, and three other children have died of starvation. The Indonesian military is suspected to have used the chemical weapon white phosphorus, banned under international law, in West Papua. According to reports at least four villages have been attacked from the air, from artillery, and by ground troops. The Indonesian army has sealed off the area. Church and local government officials cannot access the area to investigate or help those displaced. Major military and police operations have been launched by Indonesia in the Nduga Regency of West Papua. West Papuan representative groups are calling the situation a ‘humanitarian crisis’. According to the International Coalition for Papua, an alliance of over 15 human rights, church, and monitoring groups, at least 20 civilians have been killed in the operations so far. Ground troops have been sent into local villages with air support strafing civilian areas. According to eyewitness reports gathered by the United Liberation Movement for West Papua (ULMWP), the umbrella organization for mass Papuan independence groups, church and school activities in all 32 districts of the Nduga Regency have been completely shut down. The ULMWP lists the following human rights abuses during the Indonesian military operation in Nduga: 6 people shot dead by the Indonesian military; 3 in critical condition from gunshot wounds; 2 badly burned from bombs and grenades; 5 missing; 4 detained and tortured; Congregations from 34 churches still on the run and in hiding due to continuous military operations; Thousands of people displaced and hiding in the surrounding jungle. The ULMWP has called for an immediate cessation of Indonesian military and police operations and for the Indonesian government to allow humanitarian agencies and human rights monitors to enter the region. For decades the Indonesian government has operated tight restrictions on journalists and NGOs seeking to enter West Papua. In a statement released today ULMWP Chairman Benny Wenda said: "Indonesia is violating international law. The use of chemical burn-causing weapons is illegal. Indonesia flouts these treaties in its acts of extreme violence. When chemical weapons are used in Syria the world is horrified, but in West Papua the Indonesian government is able to cover up its crimes by stopping any independent organizations from entering the country and then launch brutal military operations afterwards. This episode is more evidence of the desperate need for West Papua to have freedom from the colonial occupation of the Indonesian state. "Without urgent action by international humanitarian, aid and human rights organisations, more Papuan civilians will be at risk. International observers and the West Papua people are lobbying for urgent access to West Papua to provide immediate medical treatment, food aid, medical support, documentation and resources to villagers; and to investigate the illegal use of chemical weapons," Wenda said. More Arutz Sheva videos: top

Israel News for West Papuan tragedy in Nduga

http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/258115

An Altar of Earth

Like   Tweet   Pin   +1     "An altar of earth you shall make for Me" (Exodus 20:21) Shvat 19, 5779/January 25, 2019 Following Israel's extraordinary one heart, one voice paean to G-d at the crossing of the Sea of Reeds, it's only natural that G-d should reciprocate with the greatest gift He could bequeath to his beloved people: the gift of Torah. The love-fest of the giving and receiving of Torah at Mount Sinai remains unparalleled in the annals of human history. The people arrived at Sinai as one, as described by the verse, "Israel encamped there [Mount Sinai] opposite the mountain." (Exodus 19:2) The Hebrew word for encamped, vayichan, is written (ungrammatically) in the singular, emphasizing the unity which bonded the entire nation as one: one people, one heart. But why? Why were the people so upbeat? Understandably, following Israel’s miraculous crossing of the Sea of Reeds Israel experienced an emotional high. But soon they were to discover that life in the desert was not going to be easy. Israel quickly despaired when faced with the threat of thirst and starvation, and despite G-d's providing of food and drink for them, Israel remained bitter and disgruntled, even expressing regret that they had ever left the "fleshpots" of Egypt. (ibid 15:3) Life in Egypt, under the thumb of Pharaoh, was miserable, but at least it was secure. Life in the desert was uncertain and terrifying. And despite Israel's ultimate victory over Amalek, his unexpected, unprovoked and undeserved attack must surely have disheartened the infant nation. Still licking their wounds, Israel arrived, at last, at Sinai, where they could enjoy a moment's respite from their travails. But the unity that Israel experienced upon arriving and encamping at Sinai was born from more than just a sense of relief. Israel's unity was born of a feeling of expectation, of anticipation. But what were the children of Israel anticipating? G-d had not informed Moshe in advance of His intention to appear before and speak directly to the entire nation of Israel at Sinai, transmitting to them the word of Torah. What was the excitement about? What was Israel looking forward to? When G-d first revealed to Moshe His plan to deliver Israel from Egypt, He told Moshe to gather up the elders of Israel and to go to Pharaoh, telling Pharaoh, "HaShem, G-d of the Hebrews has happened upon us, and now, let us go for a three days' journey in the desert and make offerings to HaShem, our G-d." (ibid 3:18) This original planned rendezvous, later detailed as a three day festival in the desert during which Israel would make offerings to HaShem, was what first captured the imagination and the hearts of Israel, while they were still suffering under the burden of slavery. This planned three day outing is what sparked hope in the children of Israel and maintained their spirits throughout the ten plagues which G-d brought upon Egypt. With every new plague Moshe repeated G-d's message to Pharaoh: "Let My people go that they may serve Me." Every time that Pharaoh heard that message, the children of Israel also heard it. It kindled in them a long forgotten memory. Not a personal memory, but a national memory of a time when their forefathers, Avraham, Yitzchak and Yaakov freely erected altars and made offerings to the G-d who had taken them under His protective wing. When Moshe instructed the people to prepare lambs for an offering, it wasn't out of nowhere. The desire to serve G-d, to reach up to G-d via the time honored tradition of presenting G-d with an offering of the heart, had reawakened in the people a long oppressed and dormant desire to draw close to G-d and to live life every day in the presence of G-d. When Israel arrived at last at the foot of Mount Sinai, she understood in her heart that the long awaited time had come. The long awaited "three days' journey in the desert," that is, three days of making offerings to HaShem, were about to commence. The three days which Moshe told in unmistakable detail in his final warning to Pharaoh, that "With our youth and with our elders we will go, with our sons and with our daughters, with our flocks and with our cattle we will go, for it is a festival of HaShem to us," (ibid 10:9) were about to begin. The people were ready! What Israel didn't anticipate, and couldn't have known, was that the "three days' journey" was going to be translated into three days of purification and preparation for the receiving of Torah. Knowing full well that the people's hearts were as one, open and ready, willing, and full with excitement, G-d told Moshe to open the holy convocation with these words: "You have seen what I did to the Egyptians, and how I bore you on eagles' wings, and I brought you to Me. And now, if you obey Me and keep My covenant, you shall be to Me a treasure out of all peoples, for Mine is the entire earth. And you shall be to Me a kingdom of princes and a holy nation," to which the nation joyfully responded in unison, saying, "All that HaShem has spoken we shall do!" (ibid 19:4-6,8) And so immediately following the reading of the wedding vows, which, in reality, is what the giving of Torah at Sinai truly was, for it wed Israel and G-d together forever, G-d had one more surprise in store for Israel: "An altar of earth you shall make for Me, and you shall slaughter beside it your burnt offerings and your peace offerings, your sheep and your cattle. Wherever I allow My name to be mentioned, I will come to you and bless you." (ibid 20:21) Actually, not a surprise at all. The long awaited three day tryst with G-d that Israel had been anxiously anticipating since G-d first sent Moshe to Pharaoh with the message "Let My people go," was about to commence. The only difference being that Israel's three day rendezvous with G-d was not going to be for three days only. Israel's life with G-d would be forever! Tune in to this week's Temple Talk, as Rabbi Chaim Richman and Yitzchak Reuven share their understanding of the Sinai revelation, the pinnacle of human experience, ponder a man called Yitro, and the parashat named after Yitro: gifting the Torah to a G-d-centered world! This week's dynamic edition of Temple Talk finds Yitzchak Reuven and Rabbi Chaim Richman preparing for the Torah reading of Yitro. Who was the man that became Moshe's father-in-law? How did he deserve that the all-important Torah portion featuring the giving of the Torah, should be named after him? What is the relevance of the Sinai Revelation today? Our hosts discuss these questions and more in this week's fascinating program. "I am HaShem, your G-d." You need to believe it! But believing it is not enough: You need to Know it! And how do we know that HaShem is G-d? By experiencing and acknowledging G-d's presence in our lives. Know HaShem your G-d. Click here to view Rabbi Richman's teaching on parashat Yitro (Exodus 18:1 - 20:23). Illustrated Tour Of The Holy Temple: Pt. 8: The Temple Mount: The Stoa & Watchtowers: The Levites kept watch in watchtowers which were situated in the four corners of the wall surrounding the Temple Mount plaza. The stoa was a covered area that stood on pillars, (a portica, or colonnade) ran along the entire circumference of the Temple Mount plaza. The Illustrated Tour of the Holy Temple is a daily post. Click here. Arabs Bewail Jordanian Custodianship Of Temple Mount Mosque: The Jordanian Opposition Coalition,which seeks to replace Jordan's monarchy with a democratic government, has released a video in which Arabs interviewed on the Temple Mount openly accuse the Jordanian government of embezzlement of funds, donation fraud, and systematic neglect of the al aqsa mosque. click here to view video. Israel's Minister Of Internal Security Gilad Erdan Celebrates 'Temple Mount Revolution' In Tribute To Publication Of New Book Har Habayit K’Halachah, ("The Temple Mount In Jewish Law"): A festive book launch took place in Jerusalem Sunday night, in honor of the publication of a new book, Har HaBayit K’halachah, ("The Temple Mount in Jewish Law"), and its author, Rabbi Elisha Wolfson. At the gathering, which included many prominent rabbis, a letter penned by Israel's Minister Of Internal Security, Gilad Erdan, in honor of the occasion, was read aloud Click here to learn more and see photos. Rabbi Chaim Richman: The Dedication of the Third Temple: Rabbi Chaim Richman, International Director of the Temple Institute of Jerusalem, speaks about the dedication of the Third Temple, and shares insights and progress towards the rebuilding of the Holy Temple in our time, and its meaning for all mankind. This teaching was recorded on November 11, 2018, in Lubbock, Texas. Click here to view video Eclipse Of Tu B'shvat Blood Moon Seen Over The Skies Of Jerusalem!: Last night (Tu b'Shvat) an eclipse of a blood moon was visible in Israel. These photos were taken over Jerusalem. Click here to see photos. Tu Bb'Shvat: The New Year For Trees! During the time of the Holy Temple on the first, second, fourth and fifth year of the Shemitta (7 year sabbatical) cycle, farmers set aside a tenth of their produce and eat it in Jerusalem. This tithe is known as Maaser Sheni, (the Second Tithe). Click here to learn more. Palestinians' Anti-Semitic Stereotyping Of Jews On Temple Mount: Palestinians are continuing to use the Temple Mount, in Arabic known as the Haram al-Sharif, in Jerusalem, as a platform for incitement against Israel in general and Jews in particular. Since 2014, the Palestinian Authority leadership, including President Mahmoud Abbas, have been waging an unprecedented wave of incitement against Israel and Jews to protest visits to the Temple Mount. Click here to learn more. Shavua Tov From The Temple Mount! A new week begins upon the Temple Mount! Last week 270 Jewish worshipers braved the stormy weather and ascended the Temple Mount in purity. Recently released police records show that 35,695 Jews ascended the Temple Mount during 2018. The Temple Mount awaits you! Click here to see photos. Help To Build The Holy Temple In Our Time: Donate Generously To Help The Sacred Work Of The Temple Institute! Every contribution helps to rebuild the Holy Temple in our Time! Interested in Ascending the Temple Mount? Contact us via our website, email us at infotempleinstitute@gmail.com or via our Facebook page. For more information on ascending the Temple Mount in purity, please click here. Blessings from the holy city of Jerusalem! Yitzchak Reuven The Temple Institute Fan us on Facebook Follow us on Twitter Find us on YouTube Look for us on Instagram   ©2019 Temple Institute | Misgav Ladach 40, Jerusalem, 97500 Israel Web Version   Preferences   Forward  

Thursday, January 24, 2019

Pengangkatan Anak

Daftar Isi: PEDOMAN: Anak Angkat ; BROWNING: ADOPSI ; ENSIKLOPEDIA: ANGKAT, MENGANGKAT ANAK ; Anak Angkat Pengangkatan: (anak) Anak lain yang diangkat menjadi anaknya sendiri dalam keluarganya. Tentang hubungan kekeluargaan ini teringatlah kita pada penggunaan Paulus akan istilah ini, yang dipergunakannya terhadap orang-orang Yahudi dan kafir yang percaya dan sudah dilahirkan baru. Misalnya terhadap Timotius (1Timotius 1:2; 2Timotius 1:2), Titus (Tit 1:4) dsbnya. (Kamus Gering) Ke atas Anak Angkat [Kamus Pedoman] 1. Diterangkan dalam. 2Kor 6:18 2. Berdasarkan perjanjian. Rom 9:8; Gal 3:29 3. Dijadikan - karena iman. Gal 3:7,26 4. Dijadikan - karena kasih karunia Allah. Yeh 16:3-6; Rom 4:16,17; Ef 1:5,11 5. Dijadikan - dengan menerima Kristus. Yoh 1:12; Gal 4:4,5; Ef 1:5; Ibr 2:10,13 6. Orang-orang kudus ditentukan untuk menjadi - . Rom 8:29; Ef 1:5,11 7. Dinubuatkan bahwa orang kafir akan menjadi - . Hos 2:22; Rom 9:24-26; Ef 3:6 8. Semua - itu akan dikumpulkan dan dipersatukan di dalam Kristus. Yoh 11:52 9. Kelahiran baru berhubungan dengan hal menjadi - . Yoh 1:12,13 10. Roh Kudus menjadi saksi bahwa kita adalah - . Rom 8:16 11. Orang yang dipimpin oleh Roh Kudus membuktikan bahwa ia adalah - . Rom 8:14 12. Orang-orang kudus menerima Roh menjadi - . Rom 8:15; Gal 4:6 13. Menjadi - adalah hak orang-orang kudus. Yoh 1:12; 1Yoh 3:1 14. Orang-orang kudus menjadi saudara Kristus karena pengangkatan. Yoh 20:17; Ibr 2:11,12 15. Orang-orang kudus dengan sangat rindu menantikan pernyataan menjadi - . Rom 8:19,23; 1Yoh 3:2 16. Sebagai - orang-orang kudus harus taat kepada pengajaran Allah. Ul 8:5; 2Sam 7:14; Ams 3:11,12; Ibr 12:5-11 17. Allah sabar dan menyayangi orang yang menjadi - . Yer 31:1,9,20 18. Menjadi - harus menuju kepada kesucian. 2Kor 6:17,18; 2Kor 7:1; Fili 2:15; 1Yoh 3:2,3 19. Menjadi - akan mengakibatkan: 19.1 Suka damai. Mat 5:9 19.2 Keyakinan kepada Allah seperti seorang anak kecil. Mat 6:25-34 19.3 Keinginan untuk memuliakan Allah. Mat 5:16 19.4 Tidak memamerkan diri. Mat 6:1-4,6,18 19.5 Semangat untuk berdoa. Mat 7:7-11 19.6 Murah hati. Luk 6:35,36 19.7 Suka mengampuni. Mat 6:14 19.8 Menjadi serupa seperti Allah. Mat 5:44,45,48; Ef 5:1 19.9 Perlindungan dan ketenteraman bagi orang yang menjadi - . Ams 14:26 19.10 Mendapat nama baru. Bil 6:27; Yes 62:2; Kis 15:17 (Lihat Nama Orang-Orang Kudus 99999) 20. Berhak mendapat warisan. Mat 13:43; Rom 8:17; Gal 3:29; 4:7; Ef 3:6 21. Hak sebagai - harus diminta di dalam doa. Yes 63:16; Mat 6:9 22. Dilukiskan oleh: 22.1 Anak-anak Yusuf. Kej 48:5,14,16,22 22.2 Ester. Est 2:7 22.3 Musa. Kel 2:10 23. Digambarkan oleh orang Israel. Kel 4:22; Hos 11:1; Rom 9:4 24. Contoh - : 24.1 Salomo. 1Taw 28:6 Ke atas ADOPSI [Kamus Browning] Dalam PL anak-anak dapat dimasukkan ke dalam keluarga melalui adopsi (pengangkatan anak), seperti halnya Musa (Kel. 2:10) diangkat anak oleh putri Firaun, dan --> Ester oleh --> Mordekhai (Est. 2:7, 15). Oleh Yeremia, seluruh umat Israel dianggap telah diangkat anak oleh Yahweh (Yer. 3:19). Ini merupakan hubungan istimewa dengan Israel sebagai bangsa --> pilihan (Hos. 11:1).Dalam PB, umat Kristen memiliki 'Roh yang menjadikan anak' (Rm. 8:15), yang membuat mereka dapat berkata, 'Ya --> Abba, ya Bapa!' Karena, barangsiapa melakukan kehendak Bapa adalah saudara laki-laki dan saudara perempuan Yesus (Mrk. 3: 35). Bagi Paulus, hal tersebut merupakan --> anugerah, bukan hakikat alamiah atau karena --> hukum, sekalipun proses hukum mengenai pengangkatan anak di wilayah kekaisaran Romawi telah demikian mapan, dan seorang anak angkat telah menjadi anggota penuh di dalam keluarga yang mengangkatnya. Ke atas ANGKAT, MENGANGKAT ANAK [Ensiklopedia] Kata ini (hanya dipakai oleh Paulus) dalam Alkitab tidak mengandung makna sebagai istilah hukum dalam arti modern. Karena dalam masyarakat Semit tidak diperlukan hubungan kekeluargaan berdasarkan keturunan yg sesungguhnya untuk memperoleh hak-hak istimewa keluarga. Perjanjian dengan Abraham dan keturunannya (Kej 17:9) berlaku bukan hanya bagi mereka yg lahir sebagai asli keturunan kandung Abraham, tapi juga bagi budak-budak keturunan asing yg dia beli. Kata Ibrani untuk bapak ('av) tidak begitu menekankan makna 'keayahan' dalam arti jasmaniah, tapi lebih menekankan arti sebagai pelindung dan pengasuh. Justru ungkapan 'Kamu adalah bapak dari yg tidak berbapak' menerangkan dengan tepat arti kata 'kebapakan' (A Guillaume, Prophecy and Divination, 1938, hlm 75). Arsip-arsip Nuzi memberikan sekedar penjelasan mengenai bentuk mengangkat anak di Semit, yg sebelumnya dianggap tidak ada. Di Nuzi, adalah kebiasaan bagi pasangan yg tidak mempunyai anak untuk mengangkat seorang anak laki-laki, yg akan melayani mereka sementara mereka masih hidup, dan menguburkan mereka bila meninggal. Sebagai imbalannya, anak itu akan menerima warisan. Tapi setiap anak lelaki yg lahir kemudian sesudah pengangkatan anak itu, akan menjadi ahli waris utama (W. H Rossell, JBL, 71, 1952, hlm 233-234). Beberapa cara seperti ini harus dikaitkan dalam hubungan antara Abraham dan Eliezer (Kej 15:2 dab), sementara mengangkat anak yg sangat dekat dengan yg legal terjadi dalam Kej 48:5 (Efraim dan Manasye); Kel 2:10 (Musa), 1 Raj 11:20 (Genubat), dan Est 2:7 (Ester). Benih pemakaian istilah itu dalam arti religius jelas dalam PL tentang Israel sebagai anak Allah (Kel 4:22; Yes 1:2-3; Yet 3:19; Hos 11:1) dan acuan hubungan ini kepada raja, sebagai wakil rakyat (2 Sam 7:14; 1 Taw 28:6; Mzm 2:6-7), justru Paulus bicara mengenai saudaranya, orang-orang Israel, yg 'telah diangkat menjadi anak' (Rm 9:4). Bagi Paulus, diangkat menjadi anak Allah adalah hubungan karunia, bukan seperti keadaan Kristus sebagai Anak, yg adalah Anak pada kodrat-Nya (bnd Yoh 1:14). Pengangkatan itu mencakup perubahan status yg telah direncanakan dari semula dan dilaksanakan melalui Yesus Kristus (Ef 1:5), dari keadaan perbudakan ke keadaan sebagai anak; walaupun sebelum kedatangan Kristus manusia sudah mempunyai kemungkinan diangkat menjadi anak (Gal 4:1), sebenarnya manusia adalah hamba belaka (Gal 4:3). Seruan 'ya Abba, ya Bapak' (Rm 8:15 dan Gal 4:6 dlm konteks pengangkatan anak) mungkin merupakan seruan tradisional seorang hamba yg telah diangkat anak. Sekali seseorang telah diangkat Allah menjadi anak Allah, maka ia memiliki semua hak kekeluargaan Ilahi, termasuk hak menghadap Allah (Rm 8:15) dan hak menerima janji-janji Allah bersama-sama dengan Kristus (Rm 8:17). Kehadiran Roh Allah adalah sekaligus peranti (Rm 8:14) dan dampak (Gal 4:6) dari keadaan diangkat menjadi anak. Betapapun sempurnanya status diangkat 'menjadi anak', itu bukanlah yg 'final', tapi masih berproses menuju perwujudan dan kenyataan dalam fakta pembebasan ciptaan itu sendiri dari perbudakan (Rm 8:21 dab). Walaupun 'mengangkat anak' sebagai formula teologis hanya terdapat dalam Surat-surat Paulus, hal itu tersirat dalam ajaran Yohanes sebagai hubungan karunia bertalian dengan 'menjadi anak-anak' (Yoh 1:12; 1 Yoh 3:1-2), dalam penerimaan anak yg hilang yg memperoleh kembali hak-hak sepenuhnya sebagai anggota keluarga (Luk 15:19 dab) dan dalam kata-kata Yesus yg sering diucapkan-Nya mengenai sebutan Allah sebagai Bapak (Mat 5:16; 6:9; Luk 12:32). FHP/WBS